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۱۲۔ حزیں حرف گر

حزیں حرف گر

جہاں گر!

فقط ایک تمنا مجھے بے قرار رکھتی ہے

میں تم سے ہم کلا م ہو جائوں

میرے کم مایہ الفاظ تیری سماعت کے منتظر ہیں

مجھے لگتا ہے ،میں تیرا حصہ ہوں

تجھ سے جدا ہوا ہوں

کسی دن پھر آ ملوں گا

تو کتنا بے نیاز ہے

رات تیرے ایک اشارے پر دن کواپنے بطن سے جنم دیتی ہے

موسم اپنی کوکھ...

وجوه الإعجاز عند المتكلمين: الرماني والخطابي نموذجا

There are several points which illustrate Qur’ānic I‘jāz and probably rely on Islamic Theologians -Mutakallimin’s- efforts as well as exertions regarding Qur’ānic I‘jāz. Mutakallimin for having good command over Arabic rhetorical structures have demonstrated Qur’ānic I‘jāz in two contexts: theoretically and empirically. They actually validated, that Qur’ān is the book of Allah Almighty, through comparing both standard Arabic texts: prose and poetry into face of Qur’ānic text. All these cherished efforts of Mutakallimin are rooted in Arabic rhetoric which stands for that Arabic Rhetoric and ‘ilm al-Kalām; both have very primary relation resulting in that cannot be ignored while analyzing I‘jāz phenomenon.

Vertical Enhancement of Fodder Production of Maize Zea Mays L. Through Nitrogen Management and Cultural Techniques

Optimum nitrogen, its placement methods and seeding rates are important for enhancement of qualitative maize fodder production. This study therefore was conducted to determine how nitrogen, seed rates, N placement methods, N application timings, seed sowing patterns and their interactive effect can alter fodder yield. Field experiments thus were conducted at Students Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan, located at (25o25’60’N 68o31’ 60E) during 2007-2008 and 2008-2009. In all the experiments, maize variety Akbar was sown for fodder production. The study on effect of nitrogen levels and placements on maize fodder production consisted two seasons (spring and autumn), three N placement methods (broadcast, fertigation and side dressing) and five N levels (00, 60, 100, 140 and 180 kg ha-1). Application of 140 kg N ha-1 through fertigation resulted maximum leaves plant-1, stem girth, leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area duration, N concentration, N uptake, crude protein, crude fibre, crude ash and green fodder yield. Further increase in N levels exhibited non-significant increase in the values of plant traits except plant height; crop growth rate and total dry matter were maximum at 180 kg N ha-1. N broadcast or side dressing even at higher N rates (180 kg ha-1) did not show higher values of all plant traits as compared to N- fertigation. An antagonist interactive effect of N rates and placement methods was noted on net assimilation rate, being maximum in control plots and decreased as the N rates increased regardless of N placement methods. Maize phenology changed with increasing N fertilizer rates and placement methods. To reach V10 stage, application of 140 or 180 kg N ha-1 attained maximum days under N fertigation method. Maize also took more days to reach tasselling and harvesting stages respectively at higher N application at 180 kg N ha-1 through broadcast followed by application of 140 kg N ha-1 either by fertigation or broadcast, however, early tasselling and harvesting stages appeared in the control plots. The field investigations on effect of nitrogen scheduling and placement methods on maize fodder production, comprised growing seasons (spring and autumn), N placement methods (broadcast, fertigation and side dressing) and N scheduling (00, two spilt (at sowing and V4 stages), three spilt (at sowing, V4 and V6 stages), four spilt (at sowing, V4, V6, and V8 stages), five spilt (at sowing, V4, V6, V8, V10 and VT stages). Split application of 140 kg N ha-1 through fertigation at sowing,V4 and V6 stage recorded maximum leaves, plant height, stem girth, leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, total dry matter, N concentration, N uptake, crude protein, crude fibre, crude ash and green fodder yield compared to two, four or five N split applications. Further N split reduced the values of all traits. Opposite response of net assimilation rate was observed, being higher in the control plots and lower in the plots treated with nitrogen. Maize phenological traits had non-significant response from V4 to V6 growth stages. Three split N applications of 140 kg N ha-1 during sowing, V4 and V6 through fertigation significantly took more days to reach V8, V10 and tasselling stages respectively. However, at harvest maize fodder took more days in two N split applications through broadcast during sowing and V4 growth stage. Studies on effect of seed rates and row directions on maize fodder production involved seasons (spring and autumn), row directions (north to south, east to west, north-east to south-west, north-west to south-west, and cross sowing and seed rates (150, 175, 200, 225 and 250 kg ha-1). Maximum leaves, plant height, stem girth, leaf area, crop growth rate, total dry matter, N content, N uptake, crude protein and fodder yield were found when crop was sown through north-south row direction at 150- 175 kg ha-1 seed rate. Higher net assimilation rate was observed in cross sowing and seeding rate of 175 kg ha-1. Seed rates and row directions had non-significant effect on germination, crude fat, crude ash and all the phenological traits of maize. For enhancement of maize fodder production, present investigations conclude and recommend that maize could be sown at seed rate of 175 kg ha-1 by north- south rows orientation. Nitrogen would be split applied at 140 kg N ha-1 through fertigation method during sowing, V4 and V6 stages
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