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غلام غوث غلامی

غلام غوث غلامی (۱۹۴۰۔۱۸۴۷)میترانوالی سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔انھوں نے ملا عبد الحکیم سے ادب وفقہ کی تعلیم حاصل کی۔ آپ نے فردوسی کے شاہنامہ کے مقابلہ میں سیالکوٹ کے ایک مشہور راجہ سا لباہن کی مختصر مثنوی لکھی ہے۔ آپ کی تالیفات قریش (خود نوشت سوانح) ‘ فرہنگ‘ منتخبات ‘ عربی بہ فارسی سوانح حضرت بلالؒ (منظوم) خزینہ کرامات‘ سفر نامہ مجاز‘ فیروز نامہ حجاز‘ تلبیس ابلیس‘ زہدتہ القواعد در علم صرف‘ تازیانہ‘ غفلت ‘ درعیوب ہندوستان اور انشا غلامی ہیں جو بہت کوشش کے باوجود بازیاب نہیں ہو سکیں۔(۳۰)

۳۰۔        غلام غوث چیمہ ، ’’مولوی غلام غوث غلامی‘‘ شمولہ ’’الابصار‘‘ ڈسکہ‘ گورنمنٹ ڈگری کالج‘ ۲۰۰۳ء ‘ ص ۲۷۰۔۲۷۱

 

سوشل میڈیا کا استعمال اخلاقیات اور شریعت کے نکتہ نظر سے: ایک تفصیلی جائزہ

Throughout the history humanity has witnessed many ups and downs. There might have been many eras of moral lawlessness in which humanity might have suffered from lack of moral character, civilization, lack of social norms and values and many such things. But in the present era social media has emerged as a very sharp sword which has destroyed social values, norms and morality. It has proven destructive to a unprecedented level. Sometimes people share news about a person without conformation and on other times people destroy human shapes and give them resemblance with animal shapes and then share them on social media by way of comparison between human and animals. Insulting political opponents, playing with honor and dignity of others, humiliating others have become a game to play for people on social media. Many users of the social media think that there is no respect for others at all so they don’t hesitate from humiliating people. For them the only act worth doing is to protect the so called respect of the leader they follow and love. They are ready to cross any limit for this.  While doing all this they forget anything and everything about civility, morality, and social values etc. Someone has quite rightly said that good character is proof of good blood. While using social media one is in fact representing one’s family and blood. According to statistics 58% of the whole population of our country consists of young people the majority of which is so much attached and engrossed with the use of social media that they are oblivious of what is going around them. The spell of social media has bound people in the galleries of hospitals, pathways, passengers, and in educational institutes. So much so that even in homes, social media has preoccupied people to an extent that they damn care for the people living in the same home with them. There is value for a friend on social media but there is no value for a person sitting very next to them. A young man is busy and engaged with a so called sister on social media but his real sister is seen tantalized for his care and affection. In the university students miss out lectures of teacher but want to learn things from google and social media. This is the dilemma of the current age. The use of social media has taken people far away from the people sitting and living very close to them. Now the young generation has options i.e. Positive or negative use of social media. Your face book account, your profile is reflective of your personality. Any visitor, while visiting your profile and account will have your whole personality open up to him. Difference of opinion is permitted and appreciable thing but it should be done within limits. The current research paper is an attempt to cover up all these things and to see the Islamic teachings about the use of social media. How to open an account on social media, how to share pictures on it either self or that of others, sending friend requests and accepting them? These and other related issues will be discussed in the present paper in the light of Islam.

How and When Socio-Psychological and Motivational Factors Translate into Entrepreneurial Intentions

Purpose – Entrepreneurial intentions were lower in Pakistan as compared to other developing countries. Therefore this research was conducted to identify the stimulating factors of entrepreneurial intentions in Pakistan. This research has been completed in two studies. The first study analyzed the effect of socio-psychological factors on the male and female individuals’ entrepreneurial intentions via attitude toward entrepreneurship (ATE). Study 1 integrated the theory of planned behavior with gender schema theory to build the theoretical model. This study posits that social norms and entrepreneurial self-efficacy influence entrepreneurial intentions through the mediation of ATE. The investigator further stated the moderating role of gender while studying the impact of social norms and self-efficacy on the individuals’ ATE. The Study 2 aims to investigate the effect of intrinsic (intrinsic interest & community feeling aspirations) and extrinsic (perceived relative income and occupational prestige) rewards on male and female individuals’ entrepreneurial intentions through the mediation of ATE. To develop the theoretical model of the second study, the investigator integrates the goal contents theory with the stimulus-response theory and demonstrates that intrinsic interest, community feelings (intrinsic rewards), perceived relative income and occupational prestige (extrinsic rewards) positively influence the ATE that further helps in the development of individuals entrepreneurial intentions. The investigator further proposes the moderations of gender in the theoretical model of Study 2. Design/methodology/approach – Data came from students of three large universities in Lahore. These students were near to complete their degree in the field of business, engineering and information technology. For model testing, this research relied on structural equation modeling technique. Investigator applied PROCESS macro (Hayes, 2011) to test the moderating role of gender. Findings –The findings of the first study elucidated that self-efficacy and social norms have an indirect effect on EIs via ATE. The results also revealed that self-efficacy has a more significant effect on the attitude of male individuals toward entrepreneurship than on the attitude of females. The effect x of social norms on ATE of female individuals was stronger than male individuals. ATE positively influences the individuals’ EIs. The findings of study 2 suggest that intrinsic interest, community feelings (intrinsic rewards), perceived relative income and occupational prestige (extrinsic rewards) positively influence the ATE which in turn stimulate the EIs of students. In addition, gender was found a significant moderator on the relationships of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards with EIs in such a way, the effect of intrinsic interest (intrinsic reward) and perceived relative income (extrinsic reward) on ATE is higher for male individuals. Conversely, the entrepreneurial attitude of female individuals is developed by the community feelings (intrinsic reward) primarily. The findings of this research did not show any interaction of gender in the relationship between occupational prestige and ATE. Originality/value – This is the first research in its nature which has explored the effect of the socio-psychological, intrinsic and extrinsic factors on ATE of male and female individuals separately. In addition, this research also established that ATE is an important mediator that explains the indirect effect of these socio-psychological and motivational factors on EIs.
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