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ڈاکٹر وحید مرز ا

آہ! ڈاکٹر وحید مرزا
گزشتہ ماہ ریڈیو سے خبر ملی کہ اس برصغیر کے ایک بہت ہی لائق اور ممتاز اہل علم ڈاکٹر وحید مرزا کی وفات لاہور میں ہوگئی، اس خبر سے بڑا دکھ ہوا، ان سے میری ملاقات زیادہ نہیں رہی، اب سے ۳۵ سال پہلے ۱۹۴۱؁ء میں دہرہ دون میں تو ان سے برابر ملنے کا موقع ملا، اس کے بعد پھر کہیں ان سے نہیں ملا، مگر وہ اس وقت سے برابر دل و دماغ پر چھائے رہے ہیں ۱۹۴۱؁ء میں ایک طویل علالت کے بعد دہرہ دون جاکر تقریباً تین مہینے رہا، سرسید احمد خان ہم عصر اور دوست منشی ذکا اﷲ مرحوم کے نامور فرزند جناب عنایت اﷲ صاحب نے اپنی کوٹھی کے دو کمرے میرے قیام کے لئے دے دیئے تھے، اسی زمانہ میں لکھنؤ سے ڈاکٹر وحید مرزا دہرہ دون آکر اپنے خسر جناب رضاء اﷲ کے یہاں مقیم تھے، جو جناب عنایت اﷲ صاحب کے چھوٹے بھائی تھے، انجینئر کے عہدہ سے ریٹائر ہوکر دہرہ دون میں ایک بنگلہ بنایا تھا، دونوں بزرگوں کا وطن دہلی تھا، مگر عنایت اﷲ صاحب نے دہرہ دون ہی میں ڈالن والاکے سیمی روڈ پر منتقل سکونت اختیار کرلی تھی، ان ہی کے بنگلہ کی پشت پر رضا اﷲ صاحب کا بنگلہ تھا، ڈاکٹر وحید مرزا ان دنوں لکھنؤ یونیورسٹی میں استاذ تھے، وہ دہرہ دون آئے تو عنایت اﷲ صاحب کو سلام کرنے آئے، وہیں ان سے میرا تعارف ہوا، قد لمبا اور جسم دبلا پتلا تھا، دونوں گال پچکے ہوئے تھے، کیونکہ منہ کے تمام دانت نکلوا دیئے تھے، پتلون اور قمیض پہنے ہوئے تھے، بڑے متین اور سنجیدہ نظر آئے، خاموش بیٹھے رہے، عنایت اﷲ صاحب کی باتوں کا جواب بہت ہی مختصر طریقے پر دے کر خاموش ہوجاتے، جب وہ اٹھ کر چلے گئے تو عنایت اﷲ صاحب...

تصوف میں تزکیہ نفس کی ضرورت واہمیت قرآن وحدیث کی روشنی میں

This article elaborates the essence and value of Tazkia. The importance of Tazkia (The purification of Soul) may be known from the fact that Allah Ta, ala in the Holy Quran, emphasizedit with seven oaths and said: (He has succeeded who purifies it). Moreover, all the prophets (Peace be upon them) invited the people towards the same thing (The purification of Soul). For example, Moses told Pharaoh:   (Would you (be willing to) purify yourself?). Allah said in the Holy Quran, regarding the Holy Prophet (Peace be upon Him): (2(It is He who has sent among the unlettered a Messenger from themselves reciting to them His verses and purifying them and teaching them the Book and wisdom although they were before in clear error). The purification of Soul (Tazkia) is the source of high degrees and perpetual blessings. The Holy Quran clarifies: But whoever comes to Him as a believer having done righteous deeds, for those will be the highest degrees. Gardens of perpetual residence beneath which river flow, wherein they abide eternally, and that is the reward of one who purifies himself.) The Holy Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) also would pray: (O my God: give my soul righteousness and purify it, because You are the best one who can purify it, You are its Protector and Lord.

Assessing Carbon Sequestration Potential of Tillage and Nutrient Management in Rice-Wheat Cropping System Using Modeling Technique

Among major cropping systems, rice–wheat system is questioned due to its high contribution in carbon (C) fluxes. To quantify the impact of nutrient management approach on harvestable C-biomass, crop-derived C, soil organic C and N-sequestration, growth, development and yield of rice and wheat, a 2-year field study was executed under conventional tillage (CT) and reduced tillage (RT) in rice-wheat system of Punjab-Pakistan. The fertilization management treatments, including control (T1); treatment 2 (T2, NPK) recommended NPK; treatments 3 (T3, animal manure (M; 20.0 Mg ha-1); treatment 4 (T4, 100% crop residue incorporation; treatment 5 (T5, NPKM5/5) 50% NPK and 50% M; treatment 6 (T6, NPKS5/5) 50% NPK and 50% crop residue; treatment 7 (T7, 0.25NPKM + 0.50S) 25% NPK with 25% M and 50% crop residue and treatment 8 (T8, 0.25NPKS + 0.50M), 25% NPK with 25% crop residue and 50% M were randomly allocated in a split plot design under CT and RT. The results show that organo-mineral treatments (T5-T8) increased harvestable C-biomass by 12.56% and 53.31% relative to the sole organo-mineral (T2-T4) and control (T1) treatments, respectively, under both tillage systems. Further, organo-mineral treatments resulted higher crop-derive C-inputs by 38.27% and 60.72% over control treatment. Additionally, organo-mineral fertilizers significantly reduced the soil bulk density (BD), leading more N-sequestration. The organo-mineral treatments enhanced total dry matter (TDM) of wheat by 30.99 to 53.67%, mean crop growth rate (MCGR) by 30.07 to 65.07%, leaf area index (LAI) by 43.78 to 57.28%, productive tillers by 43.04 to 51.53% and grain yield by 22.52 to 62.31% relative to control under both tillage methods. In rice, organo-mineral treatments enhanced TDM by 35.90 to 54.83%, MCGR by 38.11 to 53.02%, LAI by 21.14 to 51.68% and productive tillers by 11.11 to 32.44% as compared to control. Subsequently, DNDC model successfully captured the trends in SOC contents which is indicated by several statistical indexes such as -0.75 < ME < 0.42, 0.68 g kg−1 < RMSE < 1.06 g kg−1, 0.70 < d < 0.87, 10.94% < nRMSE < 16.26, 4.82 < MPD < 5.77, and 0.31 < MAE < 0.34. In conclusion, an appropriate combination of inorganic NPK, crop stubbles and animal manure could be beneficial to stimulate C-stocks and N-sequestration which directly will alter the soil physical and biological properties for better crop growth and development. Further, DNDC have identified that combine use of inorganic and organic amendments may be beneficial to sequester more SOC sequestration. A greenhouse study was conducted to assess the simultaneous effects of BC and nitrogen (N) fertilization to reduce N2O and CH4 emissions along with higher biomass accumulation in rice under controlled conditions. Nine treatment combinations of BC amendments at 0, 2 and 4% by weight (weight of BC/weight of soil) mixed into 3500 g of unsterile soil with 0, 70 and 140 kg N ha-1 were used in growing rice. Results show that BC-only treatments enhanced the volumetric water contents (VWC) by 9-14% and soil pH by 5-7% coupled with higher daily and cumulative seasonal CH4-C fluxes by 85-95% and 48-51%, respectively, compared with control treatment. Subsequently, the DNDC model also simulated the CH4 emissions trends well in agreement with the measurements. Thus, this study suggests that the use of BC amendment at 2% with 140 kg N ha-1 may be a beneficial strategy to reduce the net GHG emissions from paddy rice in an Alfisol. However, the DNDC model must be calibrated and validated by intensively measurements of additional soil variables including dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial composition after application of different types of biochar.
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