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خاندانی پس منظر

خاندانی پس منظر

                ناطق کا خاندان برصغیر ہند کی تقسیم کے وقت ہندوستان سے ہجرت کرکے پاکستان آگیا تھا۔ وہ اس ہجرت  سے خائف تھے۔ ان کے والد محترم کا نام بشیر تھا۔ان کی عمر 12 سال تھی، جب وہ اپنے خاندان کے ساتھ ہجرت کر کے پاکستان آئے اور پھر یہیں مقیم ٹھہرے۔ انہوں نے تقسیم کے وقت کے مشکل حالات سے نبردآزما ہو کر پاکستان آنے والے اپنے خاندان کی تعداد 20 بتائی ہے جو کہ زندہ بچ گئے تھے لیکن جب وہ اپنے خاندان کے ساتھ ہجرت کر رہے تھے تب تقریبا70ً لوگ قافلے میں شریک تھے مگر جب ہیڈ سلیمانکی کے راستے وہ انڈیا سے پاکستان پہنچے تو تقریباً 50 لوگ شہید ہو گئے۔وہ بتاتے ہیں کہ مشکلات کا سلسلہ یہیں پر نہیں رکا بلکہ پاکستان آنے پر جب اوکاڑہ کے قریب ایک گاؤں میں بس گئے تو ان کے پاس جگہ کی دستاویزات موجود نہ ہونے کی وجہ سے بھی بے شمار پریشانیوں کا سامنا کرنا پڑا۔ہجرت کے دوران خاندان کے پاس تمام جمع پونجی بھی لوٹ لی گئی اس لیے انہیں شدید غربت و افلاس کے حالات سے گزرنا پڑا سادہ طبیعت انسان ہونے کی وجہ سے تمام معاملات سے لاعلم تھے ،نہ کوئی سہولت تھی نہ کوئی ذریعہ معاش تھا پھر وہ بتاتے ہیں کہ ان کے والد معمار بھی تھے  اور معماری کو اپنا پیشہ بنایا اور یہی کام وہ کئی سال تک کرتے رہے۔ پھر یوں ہوا کہ والدہ ماجدہ بیمار پڑ گئیں تو موجود تمام جمع پونجی   بھی ان پہ صرف ہو گئی تب ناطق کے ابا جان نے مڈل ایسٹ جانے کا فیصلہ کیا۔ معماری کا کام  انھوں  نے وہا ں بھی جاری رکھا اور تقریباً چار سال کا عرصہ وہاں گزارا۔ چار سال تک وہ ایران  اور شام محنت مزدوری کرتے رہے...

The Creation of Universe in the Light of Quran

The Quran describes itself as a book of guidance. Sura l-Baqarah, verse (67) states:   قَالَ أعُوْذُ بِاللّٰہِ اأنْ أَکُوْنَ مِنَ الْجَھِلِیْنَ۔He said, "I seek refuge in Allah from being among the ignorant. "The Qur'an does not render a coordinated description of the universe Creation and how it will end. In lieu of a continuous story of creation and cease, there are verses dispersed all over the Quran which deal with certain aspects of the universe’s Creation and end. These scattered verses provide information on the sequential events marking its development with varying degrees of detail. The primary objective of this paper is to analyze the Quranic Concept of Universe. The idea of steady state by Hermann Bondi, Thomas Gold, and Fred Hoyle (1948) suggests that this universe is created with big bang, it is expanding and it would be the same, always static, always contracting or always expanding with no end. This is in contrast with the pulsating theory of the accelerating expansion will result in weak gravity which will cause the universe to contract. When this contraction will condense everything back into one single point, this rapid compression will lead to another explosion (often referred to as mini big bang). As a result of which the universe will start expanding again. Hence it results in a pulsating universe in which there is alternate expansion and contraction of universe.  

Interactive Effects of Pgpr and Pgr on the Drought Tolerance of Crop Plants Grown in Sandy Soil and Elucidation of Plant Metabolites

Worldwide demand for agricultural crop continues to escalate in response to increasing population and damage of prime cropland for cultivation, following soil erosion and urbanization. Research interest is diverted to utilize soils of low or marginal productivity for crop production. Moisture stress has negative effects on crop productivity. The plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and plant growth regulators (PGR) are vital for normal growth and development under moisture stress. The present study was carried out to investigate the role of PGPR and PGR (Salicylic acid and Putrescine) on the physiology of chickpea and wheat grown in sandy soil. Metabolic profiling of leaves of chickpea exposed to moisture stress and treated with consortium of PGR and PGPR were also carried out in order to correlate the role of plant metabolites under various treatments. Liquid chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analyses was carried out to classify metabolites associated with water stress tolerance in chickpea. To identify the important metabolites associated with drought condition three statistical models i.e. significant analysis of metabolites (SAM), partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and random forest (RF) were used. The PGPR, isolated from the rhizosphere of chickpea and wheat were characterized on the basis of colony morphology and biochemical characters viz. Gram staining, P-solubilisation, antibacterial and antifungal activities and catalases and oxidases activities. The PGPR were also screened for the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ammonia (NH3) and exopolysaccharides (EPS). The PGPR P1, P2 and P3 were isolated from the rhizosphere of chickpea while, P4, P5 and P6 were isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat grown in sandy soil. The isolated PGPR strains named as P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6 were identified by 16S-rRNA gene sequencing as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus megaterium, Planomicrobium chinense, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescence, respectively. The seeds of two chickpea varieties (Punjab Noor2009 and 93127) and wheat varieties (Galaxy-13 and Pak-13) differing in sensitivity to drought were soaked for 2-3 h prior to sowing in 24 h old cultures of isolates. The salicylic acid (SA) and putrescine (Put) were sprayed (150 mg/L), on 20 days old seedlings of both chickpea and wheat. For metabolic profiling of chickpea, leaves from well-watered, waterdeficit and PGPR and PGR treated plants were collected at midday, 14 days (time point 1 at 15% soil moisture content) and 25 days (time point 2 at 6% soil moisture content) after the induction of water stress.
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