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تبصرے

تبصرے
"تاریخِ ادبیاتِ سیالکوٹ"ایک مطالعہ
شاکر کنڈان ( سرگودھا)
دریائے چناب جوچن اور آب کا مرکب ہے ۔نیز چندرا اور بھاگا دو دریاؤں کے ملنے سے وجود میں آیا ،ایک طرف تو (چن اور آب )حسن و خوب صورتی کا استعارا ہے تو دوسری طرف(چندرا بھاگا) معنوی لحاظ سے چاند کی قسمت لیے ہوئے ہے۔ اسی لئے اسے دریائے حسن و عشق کے نام سے بھی تعبیر کیا جاتا ہے اور سب جانتے ہیں کہ حسن اور عشق لازم و ملزوم ہیں ۔ یعنی جہاں حسن ہوتا ہے وہاں عشق ہوتا ہے ۔حسن میں جمالیات اور عشق میں جمالیاتی حظ اور ذوق ہوتا ہے ۔یہ حظ اور ذوق تخلیق کا باعث بنتے ہیں ۔شاعری اور ادب چوں کہ تخلیقی عمل ہے ،لہٰذا اس سارے سلسلے کو ایک دوسرے سے جدا نہیں کیا جاسکتا۔ جہاں دریائے چناب کا تعلق ہے تو اسے دانشورانِ عصر نے بہت سوچ سمجھ کر دریائے حسن و عشق کا نام دیا ہے ۔کیوں کہ اس کے کناروں پر آباد بستیوں میں بسنے والوں کو خالقِ کائنات نے حسنِ وافر عنایت فرمایا ہے جس نے عشق کی بنیاد رکھی۔یہی حسنِ وافراور عشق ادب کی تخلیق کا باعث ٹھہرا ہے ۔ سیالکوٹ بھی دریائے چناب کے کنارے ایک ایسی ہی بستی ہے جہاں دیگر شعبہ ہائے زندگی کے ساتھ ساتھ عکسِ زندگی اور نقدِ زندگی کی بھی فراوانی ہے۔اس دھرتی پر زندگی کا عکس پیش کرنے اور زندگی کو اپنی تنقیدی صلاحیتوں سے نکھارنے والی ایسی ایسی شخصیات نے جنم لیا جو قومی اور بین الاقوامی سطح پر اس دھرتی کی پہچان بنیں ۔ان معتبر شخصیات میں سے بہت سا ذکر آپ کو ‘‘تاریخِ ادبیاتِ سیالکوٹ’’ میں پڑھنے کو ملے گا لیکن تحقیق میں چوں کہ حرفِ آخر نہیں ہوتا اس لئے اس تحقیق میں بھی کئی نام ایسے رہ گئے ہیں جن کا ادبی...

كورٹ ميرج كى شرعى حيثيت

Court Marriage means a marriage that a wise and mature boy & girl performs only by mutual consent to court and performs some legal requirements without permission of their parents. Due to distance from religion, misuse of media, co-education, vulgarity and male female freely intimacy, in our Islamic society the trend of this marriage is increasing every day. The process of giving more proof of this marriage by judicial decisions and some religious circles has also played an important role in promoting it. Mostly, the result of this is girls run from their homes, parental insult, and destruction of their own lives, public disturbance and social disorder. Today’s need was that in a neutral way this important social issue should be discussed and by giving independent research, the issue of parents’ permission for marriage, particularly for the girl, should be presented in the light of Islamic teachings and in this regard different opinions of the scholars should also be analyzed. So on one side, where the importance of parent's role in marriage will be highlighted, on the other hand, we can be protected from social destruction, ruination of the family system and public disturbance. The following article is presented in detail on this subject.

Molecular Characterization of Gene Abca1 Associated With Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Mellitus also known as hyperglycemia is a chronic metabolic disorder that is mainly characterized by a rise in the plasma glucose levels above the normal range, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. There are various subtypes of diabetes mellitus of which type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) previously also termed as non-insulin- dependent diabetes is the most prevalent form. World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 9% of the world population suffered from diabetes in 2014 of which 90% had type 2 DM (WHO, 2014).More alarming is the fact that by 2030, type 2 DM will be the 7th major cause of death worldwide. Both genetic and environmental factors result in type 2 DM.The prominent risk factors responsible for the disease include; obesity, excess body fat, high blood pressure, sedentary life style, age, poor dietary habits with high intake of sugar, smoking, high consumption of alcohol, socio-economic factors, ethnicity and stress. Mutations in the Adenosine Binding Cassette Transporter Proteins Subfamily A Member 1 (ABCA1) have been associated with abnormal lipid levels and certain variants have been linked with type 2 DM.The present study analyzed the association of ABCA1 rs2230808 gene polymorphism with type 2 DM patients in a local population. The study was carried on 94 subjects who were divided into 49 normal (control) and 45 type 2 DM patients. Genotyping of ABCA1 rs2230808 polymorphism was done through tetra- primers Amplification Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS- PCR) technique. The rs2230808 genotypes in the type 2 DM patients was found to be CC (53.33%), CT (31.11%) and TT (15.55%), while in the control group was found to be CC (46.93%), CT (38.77%) and TT (14.28%). The frequency of C and T allele in type 2 DM patients was observed 0.689 and 0.31 respectively, while the allele frequency of C and T allele in control group was found to be 0.663 and 0.337 respectively. The p-value for genotypes and allelic frequency was greater than 0.05. Hence, the results indicate no significant association of ABCA1 rs2230808 polymorphism with risk for type 2 DM was observed in our study group. Additionally, association of CACNA1C rs2239127 gene polymorphism with type 2 DM was also studied. The subjects were divided into 94 type 2 DM patients and 56 normal samples. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism technique was employed here. The rs2239127 genotypes in type 2 DM patients was observed as TT (54.25%), CT (34.04%) and CC(11.70%), while in control group it was found to be TT(53.57%), CT (37.5%) and CC (8.92%). The p-value for both genotype and allelic frequency was found to be greater than 0.05% which shows no significant association of rs2239127 polymorphism with type 2 DM in our study group.
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Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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