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مولانا حمید الدین
مولانا حمید الدین
گزشتہ مہینہ مولانا حمیدالدین صاحب محدث اور ان کے ایک کمسن نواسے مولانا اسعد مدنی کے صاحبزادے نے کار کے حادثہ میں وفات پائی، مرحوم مولانا حسین احمد صاحب مدنی کے قریبی عزیز تھے، ان کی پوری زندگی دینی علوم خصوصاً حدیث نبوی کی خدمت میں گزری، ابتداء میں دارالعلوم دیوبند میں مدرس تھے، کچھ دنوں تک دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء میں بھی حدیث کا درس دیا، ادھر عرصہ سے مدرسہ عالیہ کلکتہ میں شیخ الحدیث تھے، علم کے ساتھ عمل اور اصلاح و تقویٰ کے زیور سے بھی آراستہ اور طبعاً خاموش، متین اور مرنجان مرنج انسان تھے، یہ المناک حادثہ بجائے خود ایک طرح کی شہارت ہے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ، حدیث نبوی کے اس خادم کو اپنی رحمت و مغفرت سے سرفراز فرمائے، دارالمصنفین اس حادثہ میں مولانا اسعد مدنی کا شریک غم ہے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، دسمبر ۱۹۶۸ء)
بہاء اللہ کی تعلیمات میں علمی سرقات کا تنقیدی جائزہ
The main objective of human life is to get closeness to Allah Almighty and to worship Him. For this purpose thousands of prophets were sent to guide the people on the right path. Other prophets were sent for a specific nation, limited time and area. At the end prophet Muhammad (SAW) was sent by Allah as the last and universal prophet. On the other hand it is also a bitter fact that in all the times and area there are some people who do not follow, become hurdles and even misguide the others (for their cheap worldly benefits). ╓ussain Alī Mazandrānī is one of those false and fake people. He wrote a book, namely, Kitāb-e-Aqdas and claims it to be the word of Allah, revealed on him, while the fact is that Qur’ānic commands (orders) have been presented in his book according to the will and convenience of people. In some places the very text of the Holy Qur’ān has been copied. The given article discovers this plagiarism and critically analysis the commands written in Kitāb-e-Aqdas in the light of the Holy Qur’ān. And this has been proved with arguments that the Holy Qur’ān is the word of Allah, which is completely safe, while Kitāb-e-Aqdas is the outcome of human efforts written by ╓ussain Alī. Hence it is unsafe and not free from mistakes.Expression of F Protein Gene in Maize for Production Edible Vaccine Against Newcastle Disease Virus
The aim of present study is the cloning of F and HN gene in plant expression vector to develop plant-based edible vaccine against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) of poultry. NDV was collected from Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore, Pakistan on request. ~1662bp F gene and ~1712bp HN gene were PCR amplified from cDNA of NDV that were TA cloned and further evaluated through sequencing. BLAST results determined the specificity of these genes in accordance with previously reported Mukteswar strain (Accession # GU182327). Both F and HN genes were ligated into pET30a expression vector to produce recombinant pET-F and pET-HN. Both recombinant constructs were transformed in E. coli Rosetta cells to study the prokaryotic expression of immunogenic protein. Induction by adding IPTG generated increased yield of protein and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed protein on desired size (~67kDa for F and ~69kDa for HN). Further western blot analysis, confirmed specificity of protein through antigen antibody reaction at proper size. Protein purification using IMAC affinity chromatography was performed and the appearance of single band of F protein at ~67kDa and HN protein at ~69kDa confirmed the specificity of our desired immunogenic protein. 2D and 3D structural analysis of F and HN proteins through Immune epitope database (IEDB) analysis resource tool revealed that more than 70% of its sequence is antigenically active and the predicted protein regions behave as epitopes. After prokaryotic expression of both F and HN genes, the next major objective of this study was to construct pCAMBIA 1301 with both F and HN for plant transformation. After confirming F and HN inserts, recombinant pCAMBIA-F+HN plasmid was electroporated into Agrobacterium cells (LBA4404) using a Bio-Rad electroporation device. After confirming the presence of F or HN genes in Agrobacterium, embryos from inbred lines of maize were transformed with recombinant pCAMBIA-F+HN by Agrobacterium mediated nuclear transformation. Further, the presence of F and HN genes in transgenic maize plants were confirmed through different molecular biological tools. The putative plants were confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR confirmed a short fragment of ~181bp and ~191 for F and HN genes respectively. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of F and HN genes in corn leaves and seeds respectively. The comparitive analysis of Ct values obtained by qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of F gene increased from 2-7.1 fold. Similarly, comparison of Ct value by qRTPCR confirmed that expression of HN gene increased from 0.5 to 4 fold as compared to negative control.Protein expression of F and HN genes were confirmed through ELISA and western blot by using gene specific antibodies. In ELISA, both F and HN proteins expression were observed in putative plants. The maximum obtained concentration of F gene was in the range of 0.15μg/ml to 0.166 μg/ml. Similarly, maximum obtained concentration of HN protein wasin the range of 0.195μg/ml 0.24μg/ml. The plants with high mRNA expression of F and HN genes were confirmed through western blot analysis. Transgenic plants produced a fragment of 67kDa for F protein and 69kDA for HN protein which confirmed the expression of transgene. Furthermore, immuniztion of chicks with transgenic maize and immune response generated by ELISA results showed production of anti-NDV antibodies in sera of chicks. On the other side ELISA results from the sera of chicks having non-transgenic diet did not induce any significant immune response. This is a key achievement of this study, which can lead towards development of plantbased edible vaccine against Newcastle disease virus of poultry.Journals by Discipline
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