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بے انتہا حمد و ثنااس خالقِ ارض و سما کے لیے جس نے مجھے عقلِ سلیم اور فہم و فراست کی دولت سے مالا مال کیااورجس نے مجھے لفظوں سے کھیلنے کی قوت اور ملکہ بخشا۔کروڑوںدرود و سلام اس نبی ﷺ کی بارگاہِ بے کس پناہ میں کہ جنہوں نے انسانیت کو جہالت کی تاریکیوںسے نکال کر علم کی روشنی سے متعارف کروایا۔
اس حقیقت سے انکار نہیں کیا جاسکتا کہ تحقیق انتہائی کٹھن امر ہے۔اس کتاب کی تکمیل کے دوران اگرچہ مجھے کئی دشواریوں کا سامنا کرنا پڑا،کئی بار میرے قدم بھی ڈگمگائے مگراس وقت میرے شفیق استاد ڈاکٹر مشتاق عادل صاحب نے اس مشکل کام میںمیری رہنمائی کی اورمجھے آبلہ پائی کی مشقتوں سے بچائے رکھا اور اپنی مصروفیات سے قیمتی وقت نکال کر ہر لحاظ سے میری مدد کی۔
میںممنون ہوںاپنے والدین کی کہ جن کی حوصلہ افزائی سے مجھے تقویت ملتی رہی۔تحقیق کے دوران اکثر شب بیداری والدہ کی نیند میں خلل کا باعث بنی مگر انہوں نے کبھی اس کی شکایت نہیں کی، انتہائی معذرت کے ساتھ ان کی شکرگزار ہوں۔ اپنے اہل خانہ کابھی شکریہ ادا کرتی ہوں کہ انہوںنے میرے حوصلے کو قائم رکھا۔ میری تحقیقی سرگرمیوںکے دوران انہوں نے میری گھریلو ذمہ داریوں میں تخفیف کو خندہ پیشانی سے قبول کیا۔ میںبالخصوص اپنے والدمحترم کی تہہ دل سے شکرگزار ہوں جنہوں نے اس کتاب کی مکمل پروف ریڈنگ کی۔ انگلش او اردو پر ان کا مکمل عبور میری تحریر کے مختلف گوشوں میں آپ کو واضح جھلکتا نظر آئے گا۔ان کی رہنمائی کے بغیر یہ کام میرے لیے انتہائی کٹھن تھا۔
میں یونیورسٹی آف سیالکوٹ اور اپنے شعبہ کے اساتذہ ڈاکٹر یاسمین کوثر،میڈم ماریہ بلال، ڈاکٹر یوسف اعوان اورڈاکٹر عامر اقبال کاشکریہ ادا کرتی ہوں جن کی شفقت اور حوصلہ افزائی کے باعث میرا یہ تحقیقی کام...

Assessment of Interfaith Harmony Between Muslims and Hindus in Socio-Cultural Activities in Swat

This research work investigated the interfaith harmony and social cohesion between two different religious followers of Hinduism and Islam in District Swat of Pakistan. The current world is facing various kinds of issues and challenges regarding interfaith harmony, peace and social cohesion. This is need of the time to establish a peaceful and harmonised day to day life standard for all the segments of society. This research was an effort to analyse the willingness among the Hindus and Muslims for enhancing their tolerance towards each other’s social and cultural activities. It also aimed to highlight the positive approach of the respondents towards the participation in the socio-cultural activities of each other. The results of association of social cohesion showed nonsignificant relationship with an opinion that Hindu and Muslim communities should take part in socio-cultural activities particularly the sports. Similarly, non-significant relationship was found based respondents’ data with an opinion that relations between Hindus and Muslims shall enhanced through participation in cultural and religious ceremonies. The result further concluded that there was peaceful and harmonised environment between Hindus and Muslims being living in the target area. The minorities were fully enjoying freedom and equality in District Swat. Based on the findings of the study, positive social interaction, mutual respect, positivity in thinking and positive role of local media have been recommended as policy guidelines for promoting inter-faith harmony.

Enhancement of Drought Tolerance in Sunflower Helianthus Annuus L. by Exogenous Application of Abscisic Acid

Studies to assess the response of spring planted sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to exogenous application of abscisic acid following different irrigation schedules were carried out at the Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan were conducted for two consecutive years; 2008 and 2009. In one experiment, three irrigation schedules viz. four irrigations (25 DAS, bud initiation, flower initiation and achene formation), three irrigations (25 DAS, flower initiation and achene formation) and three irrigations (25 DAS, bud initiation, and achene formation) were subjected to exogenous application of different concentrations (0, 5μm and 10μm) of ABA at bud initiation or at flower initiation. In the 2 nd experiment different irrigation and ABA application schedules i.e. four irrigations (25 DAS, at bud initiation, at flower initiation and at achene formation) and no ABA, three irrigations (25 DAS, at flower initiation and at achene formation) and no ABA, three irrigations (25 DAS, at flower initiation and at achene formation) and ABA spray at bud initiation, three irrigations (25 DAS, at bud initiation and at achene formation) and no ABA, three irrigations(25 DAS, at bud initiation and at achene formation) and ABA spray at flower initiation were tested for three hybrids (DK-4040, S-278 and SF-187). The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement and with three replications in each experiment. In the 1 st experiment exogenous application of 5μM ABA under drought at bud initiation stage significantly increased plant height, head diameter, number of achenes per head, 1000-achene weight, achene yield and oil yield over no ABA. It also improved water relations of sunflower by improving water potential and turgor pressure and decreased amount of compatible solutes which indicates that exogenous application of ABA was helpful in enhancing drought tolerance in sunflower. Foliar application of 5μM ABA at flower initiation under drought stress at this stage also increased plant height, head diameter, number of achenes per head, 1000-achene weight, achene yield and oil yield over no ABA but this increase was lesser than exogenous application of 5μM ABA at bud initiation after imposition of drought stress at this stage. In the 2 nd experiment exogenous application of ABA under drought at either stage (bud or flower initiation) was helpful in ameliorating drought stress in sunflower hybrids; however response was better when ABA was applied at bud initiation than at flower initiation. Sunflower hybrid DK-4040 showed better enhancement of drought tolerance by exogenous application of ABA than SF-187 and S-278 because it showed more improvement in agronomic parameters, growth, quality, water relations and compatible solutes.
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