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مولانا حبیب الرحمن خاں شروانی

مولانا حبیب الرحمن خاں شروانی
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ نواب صدریار جنگ مولانا حبیب الرحمن خاں صاحب شروانی نے۸۶سال کی عمر میں وفات پائی۔۱۸۵۷ء کے ہنگامے کے بعد جن اکابر علم وادب نے اس ملک میں مسلمانوں کی نشاۃ ثانیہ کاسروسامان کیا تھا مولاناان کے زمرہ میں ایک نوجوان رفیق کی حیثیت سے شامل تھے اس لیے انھوں نے اس دور کی بہار سامانیاں خوداپنی آنکھ سے دیکھی تھیں اور اپنی خداداد صلاحیت وقابلیت سے کام لے کر ان کی تعمیر وترقی میں خود بھی عملی حصہ لیا تھا۔ مسلم یوینورسٹی علی گڑھ، ندوۃ العلما، دارالمصنفین اعظم گڑھ، مسلم ایجوکیشنل کانفرنس، دارالعلوم دیوبند،حیدرآباد کامحکمہ امور مذہبی،یہ سب ادارے مرحوم کی اصلاحی و تدبیری کاوشوں اورگوناگوں ہمدردانہ دلچسپیوں کے جولانگاہ تھے۔دولت زرکی بہتات کے ساتھ دولت علم وفضل سے بھی مالا مال تھے۔ مرحوم کاکتب خانہ ہندوستان کاایک بہترین کتب خانہ تھا جہاں ریسرچ اسکالر آکر مطالعہ وتحقیق کی تشنگی بجھاتے تھے۔ کتابوں کی حفاظت ونگرانی اوران کی ترتیب وفہرست سازی کا خاص اہتمام کرتے تھے۔ ذوق مطالعہ کایہ عالم تھا کہ ضعف ونقاہت اوربیماری کے باوجود روزانہ پندرہ گھنٹے کتب خانہ میں پابندی کے ساتھ بیٹھتے اورمطالعہ کرتے تھے۔ متعدد کتابیں اوربہتیرے مقالات بھی ان کے قلم سے نکلے،اردو کے صاحب طرز ادیب تھے۔فارسی اورعربی شعروادب کاشگفتہ ذوق رکھتے تھے۔ دین داری اورمذہبی شعائر وآداب کااحترام ان کی فطرت تھی۔ اخلاق و عادات، طورواطوار کے لحاظ سے اب سے ڈھائی تین سو برس پہلے کی اسلامی تہذیب و شرافت کازندہ نمونہ تھے،خودداری کے ساتھ ملنساری،تمکنت کے ساتھ ارباب علم وادب کے ساتھ انکساری ان کی طبیعت کاجوہر تھا۔ انھوں نے اپنے علم وفضل سے بھی خلق خدا کوفیض پہنچایا اور دولت و ثروت سے بھی،ان چند درچند خصوصیات وکمالات کے جامع ہونے کے اعتبار سے مرحوم مسلمانوں کے اس دور میمون و مبارک کی یادگار تھے...

Interaction of Household Wealth and Women’s Working Status on Child Malnutrition: Evidence from PDHS-2013

Theoretically, it is supposed that women’s working status and household wealth independently contribute towards the children’s dietary status. The working women of the inferior socio-economic class are generally engaged in the informal sector or low paid work. It may be argued that such kinds of service cannot contribute to the nutritious prestige in children. To solve this puzzle whether woman's working status in all socio-economic setups is contributing to children’s nutritional status or not? This is the main focus of the research. A sample data of 1169 households from PDHS (2012-13) are used to explore the influencing factors of child malnutrition. The study employed the binary logistic regression which observes the likelihood of malnutrition in the children. Malnutrition is measured through CIAF. The interaction terms of the woman’s working status and five quintiles of wealth index have been created. The results disclose that working women belonging to the household of the first two quintiles of the wealth index and the fourth quintile of the wealth index are not contributing to the nutritious prestige of the children. Furthermore, in the third quintiles, the working status of women contributes to the nutritional prestige of children. It may be inferred that the socioeconomic status of the household is important for the nutritional welfare of the children, not the woman's employment. However, it may be concluded that women’s employment should be of the level that can support the socio-economic status of the household.

الکامات العربیۃ العربیۃ المشقدمۃ فی اللغۃ البولندیۃ

It is a common matter among many languages of the world that a language has an influence on one another, the same as phenomenon of linguistic borrowings is present in all languages and will be as long as different languages and contacts, direct or indirect, between their speakers exist. The term of "linguistic borrowing", according to linguists, means borrowing a word from a donor language, adaptation of this word and incorporating it into a recipient language. Therefore, in Polish language we find 845 words which have been borrowed from Arabic and entered into Polish language indirectly through other languages, such as: French, Spanish or Turkish, or directly through contacts between Arabs and Poles. At first glance at history of Poland and the Arab world it seems there is no cultural or linguistic link between them, nevertheless, in Polish language there are many lexical borrowings from Arabic which have been incorporated since 14th century through trade contacts, wars and settlement of Tatars in Poland. The research study which examines the link between these two languages is very rare due to Poles' lack of proficiency in Arabic, as well as Arabs' lack of proficiency in Polish. That is why, the need of creating a scientific research that describes the process of lexical borrowings from Arabic to Polish language, presents examples of such borrowings and explains the way of their entry into Polish, emerged in my mind. I believe that this research study titled "Arabic words used in Polish language (analytical and semantic study)" is going to be useful for Arab readers to make them realize the link between both languages, as well as it is going to be beneficial for linguists and researchers from both cultures and helpful for students of Arabic and Polish language in understanding the effect which Arabic had on forming Polish language. Linguists of Polish language do not take the issue of Arabic words used in Polish very often. The main Polish linguist who put a lot of effort into examining this topic in detail is Dr. Waclaw Przemyslaw Turek, the orientalist of Jagiellonski. University in Cracow, Poland. He wrote few articles about the adaptation of words borrowed from Arabic and incorporated into Polish language and a dictionary called "Slownik zapoZyczen pochodzenia arabskiego w polszczyinie". (Translation: Dictionary of Arabic loanwords used in Polish language) which is the main source of information on this particular topic in my research. This research study examines the words which have been borrowed from Arabic and are used till now in Polish language in an analytical and semantic way, presents the direct or indirect way of their entry into Polish, shows examples of lexical borrowings from Arabic into Polish with the indication of an Arabic origin word and explains the historical aspect of an adaptation of the borrowed word if known.
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