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عبد الحمید عرفانی

عبدالحمیدعرفانی (۱۹۰۷ء۔۱۹۹۰ء) سیالکوٹ کے ایک گاؤں مغلاں والی میں پیدا ہوئے۔عرفانی نے چکوال ہائی سکول سے میٹرک کیا۔ سکول کے زمانے میں انھیں ایسے دوست ملے جو بعد میں پاکستان کی ممتاز شخصیات میں شمار ہوئے۔ ان میں ڈاکٹر غلام سرور،کرنل محمد خان،قاضی گل محمد،خواجہ عبدالعزیز اور نیاز محمد خان قابل ذکر ہیں۔ ۱۹۵۶ء میں انھوں نے پنجاب یونیورسٹی سے فارسی میں ڈاکٹریٹ کی ڈگری حاصل کی۔ فارسی زبان میں لکھا گیا ان کا مقالہ’’شرح احوال و آثار ملک الشعرا بہار‘‘ پنجاب یونیورسٹی کی تاریخ میں پہلا مقالہ تھا۔(۵۰۸) عرفانی ۱۹۴۵ء میں بھارت کے شہر دہلی میں محکمہ تعلیم کی طرف سے ایرانیوں کوا نگریزی پڑھانے پر مامور ہوئے۔ ۱۹۴۹ء میں وہ ایران میں پاکستان کی طرف سے پہلے کلچرل اینڈ پریس اتاشی مقرر ہوئے۔ ۱۹۶۴ء میں حکومتِ پاکستان کے فارن پبلسٹی کے شعبہ میں ڈائریکٹر مقرر ہوئے۔ ۱۹۶۸ء میں وہ آر سی ڈی کے نمائندے کی حیثیت سے ایران میں مقیم ہوئے۔ (۵۰۹) ۱۹۵۵ء میں حکومتِ ایران کی طرف سے ’’نشان سپاس‘‘،اور’’نشانِ ورزش‘‘ عطاہوئے۔۱۹۶۲ ء میں ایران نے ان کی شاعرانہ عظمت کے اعتراف میں ’’نشان رستا خیز ملی ‘‘سے نوازا ۔۱۹۶۶ء میں حکومت پاکستان نے انھیں ’’ستارہ امیتاز ‘‘ عطا کیا۔(۵۱۰)

خواجہ عبدالحمید عرفانی چار اردو ،بارہ فارسی اور ایک انگریزی کتاب کے مصنف ہیں۔ خواجہ عرفانی کے ’’کلیاتِ عرفانی‘‘ میں اردو فارسی شاعری کو یکجا کر دیا گیا ہے۔ حصہ اردو میں غزلیات ،مانولاگ کے تراجم اور قومی نظمیں شامل ہیں۔ عرفانی نے چھٹی ساتویں جماعت میں ہی اردو اور فارسی میں شعر کہنے شروع کر دئیے۔ ڈاکٹر غلام جیلانی برق شاعری میں ان کی اصلاح کرتے تھے۔ وہ انھیں سکول کا سب سے اچھا شاعر سمجھتے تھے۔(۵۱۱) سکول کے زمانے میں عرفانی مولانا حالی اور مرزا غالب سے بہت متاثر تھے۔ عرفانی کی قومی موضوعات پر لکھی گئی نظموں میں حالی کا رنگ نظر آتا ہے۔ قومی نظموں کو کلیاتِ...

Use of Intra Uterine Devices in Family Planning

Contraception is generally divided into two types, namely the Long Term Contraception Method (MKJP) and the Non Long Term Contraception Method (Non MKJP). Side effects of using injection contraceptives; There is a change in menstrual pattern, such as irregularity, bleeding, spotting, or bleeding for up to 10 days. Intra Uterine Devices (IUD) are long-term contraceptives that are inserted into the uterus. The advantages of this contraception include high effectiveness of about 0.6 to 0.8 pregnancies per 100 women, failure in 125 to 170 pregnancies. There are several disadvantages to its use, such as bleeding (spotting) between menstruation, excessive menstrual pain, longer menstrual periods, and heavy bleeding at the time of menstruation.

Selective Degradation and Oxidation of Hydroxyethyl Starch for Immobilization of Some Antidiabetic Drugs

The low solubility and permeability of drugs, in general, leads to unsatisfactory pharmacokinetics profile of drugs. Polymer conjugation has attracted increasing interest in pharmaceutical industry for delivering such low molecular weight (Mw) drugs as well as some complex compounds. The objective of this work was to find a method to overcome the solubility and permeability problems using the conjugation strategy. In this regard, hydroxyethyl starch (HES), a highly biocompatible semi-synthetic biopolymer, was used as a drug carrier. N- Arylsulfonylbenzimidazolones were selected as antidiabetic compounds of choice for coupling with HES. The experiments established the viability of a covalent coupling between polymer and N-arylsulfonylbenzimidazoles using a suitable coupling strategy. As a requirement for the desired coupled products, HES must have Mw that is suitable for drug delivery and excretion through the kidney. Therefore, HES needs to undergo a selective degradation. In the present study, two different methods for hydrolysis, i.e. acidic and enzymatic, were used for selective degradation of HES. It was found that the enzymatic hydrolysis method is superior to acidic hydrolysis. The enzymatic method was used to obtain HES of Mw as low as ≈ 10,000 g/mol. The selectively degraded HES was oxidized to generate carboxylic acid groups at the chain ends to serve as a coupling site for N-arylsulfonylbenzimidazolones, the selected antidiabetic compounds. For oxidation of HES, potassium permanganate and sodium oxychloride were tried as oxidizing agents. The sodium oxychloride method was found advantageous over permanganate method. The degraded and oxidized products were characterized using GPC, IR and NMR techniques. N-Arylsulfonylbenzimidazolones were synthesized using a multistep sequence to serve as antidiabetic compounds. The structures of all the synthesized arylsulfonylbenzimidazolne products and intermediates were established using spectroscopic techniques and the purity ascertained by elemental analysis. The synthesized arylsulfonylbenzimidazolnes were coupled to oxidized HES of molecular weights 17,490 g/mol and 10,067 g/mol by creating an amide linkage between the two units. iiThe coupled products were characterized using GPC, IR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The coupled products were screened for their antidiabetic potential on male albino rats of the Sprague–Dawley albino family at a dose of 20 mg and 40 mg per Kg body weight of the rats. It was observed that all the synthesized compounds were highly active. 2,3-Dihydro-3-(4- nitrobenzensulfonyl)-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazole (63) was found most potent with a 54 % reduction in blood glucose level of the rats as compared to 41 % reduction produced by tolbutamide and 38 % by glucophage. The coupling of these antidiabetic compounds with oxidized HES resulted in an increase of the hypoglycemic activity of all the compounds. The activity of compound 63 on coupling to HES 10,067 increased to 67 % reduction in blood glucose level.
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