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78. An-Naba’/The Great News

78. An-Naba’/The Great News

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

78:01
a. What are they asking one another about?

78:02
a. Is it about the Great News of the Time of Final Judgment and its Correlatives?

78:03
a. The one about which they are in suspicion and disputing with you – O The Prophet.

78:04
a. But no!
b. They will soon know the truth of its reality!

78:05
a. And then, oh no!
b. They will soon know the truth of its reality!

78:06
a. Have WE not made the earth a resting place like a bed for you,

78:07
a. and set the strong mountains as its pegs?

78:08
a. And WE created you in pairs,

78:09
a. and made your sleep for resting,

78:10
a. and made the nighttime a covering,

78:11
a. and made the daytime for your livelihood.

78:12
a. And WE built above you seven celestial realms - strong, solid, and firm,

Surah 78 * An-Naba’ 707

78:13
a. and set therein Sun as a luminous lamp,

78:14
a. and sent down abundant water from the water-laden clouds,

78:15
a. so that WE may bring out thereby grain and vegetation,

78:16
a. as well as gardens of dense growth.

78:17
a. Surely the Time of Division is an Appointed Time.

78:18
a. The Time when the Trumpet will...

Integration of Madrassh Islamic Seminary Education With Formal Education System in Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities

ABSTRACT: Extremism remains the main concern for global security after 9/11 event. Western countries consider the religious intolerance in Muslim countries as a source of prevailing extremism. Pakistani Madaris (seminaries) are considered as a place for indoctrination of extremism and intolerance. The questions need to be addressed that why and how religious students tended towards extremism. The evidence shows that in Pukhtoon Society; the traditional social institutions of Hujra (Community center) and Jumaat (Mosque) relationship is also affected in post Afghan Soviet war. Hujra (Pukhtoon Community centre) which is traditionally the main supporter and financer of Jumaat (Mosquereligious institution) ; now seems to be overpowered by the religious institutions after getting trained and motivated organized Taliban (students of Indigenous Islamic Education System) and financial freedom after Afghan Soviet war. In this paper the question of legal status given to Taliban and their education status by the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is discussed. For exploring to answer this question both primary and secondary sources of data are used. The study concluded that no properly defined legal status exists for the millions of Taliban graduates in the state; and the aspired streamlining efforts of Madaris with formal education are non productive and ineffective. Even the supreme court of Pakistan is unanswered about the legal status of these graduates. Legislators elected in 2002 National Election faced cases in Supreme Court of Pakistan of their ineligibility based on the in¬ equivalency of their Madaris Sanad (Degree) to the formal University Degree of Pakistan. Government of Pakistan tried to mainstream Madaris education with formal education system of Pakistan, through changing their curricula which is all time resisted by Madaris. It is concluded at the end of the study of integrating Madaris education with formal education system in vertical arrangement rather than in horizontal or lateral arrangement (change of curriculum and amalgamation of courses etc.) . The approach of Vertical arrangement acknowledge the importance and value of both systems and provide benefits to the stakeholders in large. Different modalities are discussed in this paper.

The Role of Inflammation in Contrast Induced Nephropathy

Background: Intravenously administered iodinated contrast media are widely and liberally used in daily diagnostic radiological investigations. Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is notable as the third commonest cause of hospital-acquired renal injury. Justification: The global prevalence of CIN from various studies ranges from 2-5% but an incidence of CIN of 12-14% in Kenya was highlighted by a recent study without an explanation for the markedly increased incidence. Intravascular contrast has been demonstrated to commonly cause renal vasoconstriction. However, the low incidence of CIN in the general population infers that contrast alone cannot be a causative insult. This study proposes that inflammatory states, which are prothrombotic, when coupled with renal vasoconstriction may confer a higher relative risk for development of CIN. Objective: To determine the risk of developing CIN given the presence of an inflammatory state in patients presenting to a private university hospital in Kenya. Study design: Prospective cohort study of patients undergoing a contrast- enhanced CT scan (CECT) in Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi (AKUHN) Radiology department and who have no known risk factors for CIN. Methodology: A total of 423 patients were recruited over a period of 4 months. The patients were grouped into those without inflammation (unexposed) having serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels ≤5mg/dL and those with inflammation(exposed) having CRP levels >5mg/dl. Serum creatinine (SCr) was measured before the CECT and 48 hours following the CECT with CIN diagnosed when there was an increase of >25% in the SCr from the baseline value. Relative risk was determined and multiple logistic regression analysis performed on the biophysical variables (age, weight, sex) and contrast volume to assess their effect on development of CIN. Results: CIN was present in 42 (9.92%) patients. Of the exposed group (elevated CRP), 29 out of 215 patients (13.5%) developed CIN. In the unexposed group, 13 out of 208 patients (6.25%) developed CIN. This gave arelative risk of developing CIN of 2.16(1.15 to 4.04, P=0.016).The attributable risk percentage is 7.24% (1.1% to 12.2%). No statistically significant association was seen between the biophysical variables and volume of contrast and development of CIN. Conclusion: Inflammation doubles the likelihood of development of CIN. Therefore a patient presenting with inflammation and any other risk factor for CIN should have a risk-benefit analysis to assess the need for administration of iodinated intravenous contrast.
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