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ماہیا

ماہیا

ماہیا سر زمین پنجاب کا عوامی گیت ہے۔ماہیا کا لفظ ماہی سے نکلا ہے لیکن یہ اردو والا ماہی نہیں ہے(1) ویسے ماہیا میں محب اپنے محبوب کی جدائی میں ماہی بے آب کی طرح بھی ترپتا دکھائی دیتا ہے۔پنجابی میں بھینس یا مہیس کو کہتے ہیں۔بھینس چرانے والوں کو اسی نسبت سے ماہی کہا جا تا ہے۔ان چرواہوں کو بھینسوں پر نظر رکھنے کے سوا کوئی کام نہیں ہوتا تھا۔اس لئے دیہاتی ماحول کے مطابق انہوں نے کسی مشغلے کے ذریعے وقت گزاری کا وقت نکلا۔بانسری بجانے اور گیت گانے کا مشغلہ ایسا تھا کہ بیک وقت چرواہے کا فرض بھی ادا کیا جا سکتا تھا اور اپنے دل کو بھی بہلایا جا سکتا تھا۔بانسری اور اچھی آواز کے جادو نے بھی بعض چرواہوں کو اپنے اپنے دیہاتوں میں مقبولیت عطا کی ہوگی لیکن جب محبت کے قصوں میں رانجھے اور مہینوال کو اپنے اپنے محبوب تک رسائی حاصل کر نے کے لیے چرواہ بننا پڑا تو پھر ان کرداروں کی رومانوی کشش نے لفظ ماہی کو چرواہے کی سطح سے اٹھا کر نہ صرف ہیر اور سوہنی کا محبوب بنا دیا بلکہ ہر محبت کرنے والی مٹیار کا محبوب ماہی قرار پایا۔اسی ماہی کے ساتھ اپنے پیار کے اظہار کے لئے ماہیا عوامی گیت بن کے سامنے آیا۔

ماہیے میں پنجاب کے عوام کے جذبات ،احساسات اور خواہشات کا خوبصورت اور براہِ راست اظہار ملتا ہے۔عوام نے اپنی امنگوں ،آرزوں اور دعاوں کو شاعری کے ذریعے سینہ بہ سینہ آگے بڑھایا اور زندہ رکھا۔اسی لیے یہ عوامی گیت اپنی ظاہری صورت میں انفرادی ہونے کے باوجود اپنی سوسائٹی کی ترجمانی کرتا ہے۔ماہیا فکرو خیال سے ہی نہیں ہوتا لیکن گہرے فلسفیانہ خیالات کے برعکس سیدھے عوام کے دل میں اتر جانے والا انداز ہی اس کے مزاج کا...

The Issue of Human Cloning: A Review in Semitic Religions’ Context

Human cloning has emerged as a new and innovative technology in the reproductive and therapeutic science in the recent past. So far it has not been practiced over human beings but owing to its huge potential and possible scope, it has attracted the attention of not only the masses (particularly the infertile couples and LGBTQs etc) but the other stakeholders including the religious scholars from worlds’ prominent religions have given their views on this technology in order to guide their followers. This paper examines and reviews the religious points of view on human cloning. For this purpose, three Semitic religions in the world i-e Judaism, Christianity, and Islām have been examined. As far as Islam is concerned, this portion has been divided into two broad sections elaborating the Shī‘ah and Sunnī schools’ opinions. Being an innovative topic, the religious teachings do not address it directly hence the injunctions related to the reproduction are most relevant to it. Three Semitic religions have been examined from the perspective of admissibility or non-admissibility of human cloning, the rationale behind the verdict on human cloning and the possible solutions to the issues and problems faced by the followers in the case of acceptance or rejection of this biomedical technology. Most of the religions emphasize over adaptability of the natural mode of reproduction only, where male and female genders contribute to the reproductive cycle. The Semitic religions reject the reproductive cloning generally. The religious experts need to conduct more focused and updated research before coming to any conclusion about the permissibility or non-permissibility of this technique.

A Comparative Study of Student Assessment Practices of Public and Private Sector at Elementary Level

The general purpose of the study was to examine the current student assessment practices in the private and public sector. Specifically, the aim of the study was to gain an understanding of the extent to which teachers use student assessment practices in their classroom. The study resulted in moderately through description of these teachers' assessment practices at elementary level in public and private sector (which are following Cambridge assessment practices. The study was based on student assessment practices at the elementary level in public and private sector. Objectives of the study are to (1) Explore the student assessment practices of public and private schools. (2) Find out strength and limitations of student assessment practices. (3) Compare student assessment practices of public and private schools at the elementary level. The Population of the study comprised all the public and private schools in Rawalpindi. The sample was taken from five schools from private sector and five schools from public sector. The respondents were 100 teachers, and 200 students which were selected randomly. Two questionnaires were designed by the researcher for data collection one for teachers and one for students. There were seven hypotheses formulated and tested by applying independent sample t- test at 0.05 level of confidence to find out, the significant difference between the mean scores of independent variables like sector. The findings of the study showed that the student assessment practices of private sector are better than public sector.
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