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٢۔حبیب تنویر کاڈرامہ

 

حبیب تنویر کا ڈرامہ " آگرہ بازار"

احمد سہیل

کلیدی لفظیات اوراصطلاحات —: آگرہ بازار،سوانح عمری  حبیب تنویر ، نظیر اکبرآبادی، تھیٹر، انڈین تھیٹر، نیا تھیٹر، بشری تہذیب ، تاریخ سازی۔ لسانی تجربات :::

آگرہ میں بازار پر افسردگی کا راج ہے اور کچھ نہیں بکتا۔ ایک کھیرا بیچنے والے کو لگتا ہے کہ اگر اسے اپنی مصنوعات کی خوبیوں کے بارے میں لکھی ہوئی نظم مل جائے تو یہ بہتر فروخت ہوگی۔ وہ کئی شاعروں سے رجوع کرتا ہے لیکن وہ اس کی درخواست کو ٹھکرا دیتے ہیں۔ آخر میں وہ شاعر نظیر کے پاس جاتا ہے جو اسے فوراً پابند کرتا ہے۔ وہ کھیرے کے بارے میں نظیر کا گانا گاتا ہے اور اس کے پروڈکٹ کے لیے گاہک جمع ہوتے ہیں۔ دوسرے دکاندار - لڈو والا، تربوز والا، وغیرہ - اس کی پیروی کرتے ہیں اور جلد ہی پورا بازار نظیر اکبر آبادی کے گانوں سے گونجنے لگتا ہے۔

اس مرکزی پلاٹ کے ارد گرد ایک نوجوان آوارہ کی کہانی بنی ہے جو ایک ویگن کا پیچھا کرتا ہے اور اپنے حریف ایک پولیس انسپکٹر کے ہاتھوں انجام کو پہنچتا ہے، جسے وہ محبت کے اس کھیل میں پہلے شرمندہ کر چکا ہے۔ ٹی اے، ممبئی کے سرگرم رکن ہونے کے علاوہ، وہ ایڈیٹر اور ڈرامہ نقاد بھی رہ چکے ہیں۔ ان کی کچھ اہم پروڈکشن جن میں آگرہ بازار، مٹی کی گاڑی، چرنداس چور، جن لاہور نہیں دیکھا، راجکت اور بہت کچھ شامل ہے۔ حبیب تنویر کو سنگیت ناٹک اکادمی ایوارڈ، ڈرامہ کے لیے شیکھر سمان، ناندیکر ایوارڈ، فرنگ فرسٹ ملا۔

* نیا تھیٹر*

نیا تھیٹرحبیب تنویرنے 1959 میں قائم کیا ۔ ایک پیشہ ور...

عالمى معاشى افكار اور اسلامى معاشى فكر

This article aims to present a concise overview regarding global economic ideas and its historical development with brief evaluation of capitalism and communism as well as question of laissez-faire and concept of ownership in relation to Islamic economic thought. What are the rudiments, fundamentals and historical sketch of these systems? Measuring them analytically vis-à-vis their comparative examination has been taken into account to visit the characteristics of prevailing as well as outdated and nonoperational economic systems. As capitalism emphasis on eagerness to find wealth where billionaires are about to getting more and more ignoring various other ethical perspectives and paying no attention to the poor classes of society. Communism claiming equality remained also not compatible to sustain around the globe as a balanced and stable system. At the end this article predicts that other than Islamic economic thought no system may fulfill the natural need of global economy and it also recommends that Islamic Scholars have to present an alternative full-fledged practical model for economics.

The Role of Head Teacher in Promoting Teacher Participation in School-Based Decision-Making in a Government Secondary School in Karachi

This research is a case study on the role of head teacher in promoting teacher participation in school-based decision-making (SBDM). The study was conducted in a government secondary school in Karachi, Pakistan. The ultimate purpose of this study was to investigate the role of head teacher in involving teachers' in SBDM. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observation, and document analysis. Findings of this study reveal that the head teacher has played a significant role in promoting teacher participation in SBDM. She has employed different ways and strategies, through which the teachers' participation in decision-making was ensured. For instance, teachers' participation in decision-making through different curricular and co-curricular committees, establishment of a mechanism of rewarding the best teachers, and motivating teachers' through verbal appreciation on the occasions of staff meetings and school functions, are some of the strategies of head teacher to involve teachers in SBDM. Data have indicated that because of head teacher's efforts of promoting teacher participation in SBDM, the school has been able to launch several important school improvement initiatives such as: enrichment of curriculum, teachers' professional development, launching English medium classes, provision of more physical facilities in school by involving parents, introducing innovative teaching strategies in class. These are some of the indicators of change towards school improvement. Data show that the head teacher's role is not restricted to a particular style of leadership; rather she plays a multi-faceted role in her school in order to promote teacher participation in SBDM. For instance, she plays the role of a pedagogical leader, a visionary leader, and most significantly of a leader who believes in distribution of power among teachers. However, the findings reveal that the major role that the head teacher plays is that of a facilitator. It is also evident from the findings that teacher involvement in decision-making has promoted among the teachers, a sense of ownership, professionalism, and self-esteem, which in turn has led the school towards effectiveness. The findings of this study challenge the general perception about the failure of government schools in Pakistan because of the hierarchical centralized mechanism. The data indicate that this perception cannot be generalized to all government schools. The case study school confirms that the government school head teachers' can make a difference in terms of classroom teaching and learning, even within the jurisdiction of government educational policies and prescribed curriculum. However, it is evident from the data
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