63. Al-Munafiqun/The Hypocrites
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone
63:01
a. When the hypocrites - disbelievers showing belief - come to you, O The Prophet, they
pretend to say:
b. ‘We bear witness that you are certainly Allah’s Messenger.’
c. And without the need for the testimony of the hypocrites, Allah knows very well that you are indeed HIS Messenger,
d. but Allah also bears witness that the hypocrites are definitely liars – saying what they do not mean.
63:02
a. They choose their swearing as a cover-up, a deceit;
b. while in reality, they obstruct people from the Way of Allah.
c. Surely they - evil indeed is what they do.
63:03
a. That is what has happened because first they believed and then inwardly they disbelieved.
b. Hence, their hearts have been sealed -
c. such that they do not comprehend the concept of truth.
63:04
a. And whenever you would look at them, you would be impressed by their physical stature,
b. and when they speak, you would listen to their speech attentively.
c. But, in fact, they are just like logs of timber/wood, stacked-up against a wall.
d. They reckon that every rebuke they hear is directed against them.
e. These are the real and bitter enemies;
f. so beware of them!
g. May Allah destroy them!
h. How deluded they are!
63:05
a. And whenever they would be asked:
b. ‘Come to offer apologies and let Allah’s Messenger seek forgiveness for you’ of hypocrisy and deceit.
c. They would twist their heads in arrogance,
d. and you would see...
Peaceful coexistence is a major challenge in a multi-ethnic region like the Midwest. After the creation of the region in 1963, ethnic distrust dominated the region's body politics. The Biafran invasion of Midwest remained one invent that heightened ethnic distrust in the region. Although, scholars have examined the invasion, the need to re-examine it arises from the fact that the event made ethnic antagonism among the groups in the region more intense than ever before. It is against this backdrop that this paper examines the Biafran invasion of Midwest and its implications on inter-group relations in the region. Relying on primary and secondary sources, the paper is of the opinion that the intense group antagonism and suspicion emanated from the fact that the Biafran incursion into Midwest caused division among the groups in the region. The groups that were loyal to the Nigerian Government opposed the groups that supported Biafra. The paper further argues that the ethnic tension was also as a result of the assumption by the non-Igbo groups in the region that Biafrans were in the region to promote the interest of the Igbo groups.
Xylitol was produced from four indigenous agricultural by-products including sugarcane bagasse, oat hulls, mongbean hulls and peanut hulls through fermentation to evaluate potential of local agricultural wastes for xylitol production. The methodology comprised of hydrolysis followed by detoxification of hydrolysate by neutralization, concentration and charcoal treatment to remove the fermentation inhibitors. The detoxification with calcium hydroxide, five fold concentration of hydrolysate and 5% charcoal treatment at 600C was found to be probable in terms of removal of fermentation inhibitors. The resultant detoxified hydrolysate was fermented with Candida tropicalis and optimum conditions found were at pH 6.0 and temperature 300C. After refining and concentration of fermented broth, the xylitol solution was freeze dried. Highest yield of the xylitol was obtained from oat hulls followed by sugarcane bagasse, mongbean hulls and peanut hulls. The xylitol was replaced in cookies at different ratios for preparation of dietetic food product. The physicochemical, sensory and microbiological characteristics were determined at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days interval. The cookies prepared with 50% replacement of sucrose with xylitol were liked by panelists. The product was found to be acceptable in view of physicochemical and microbiological parameters. Asserted health effects of the xylitol intake were evaluated through biological studies. Xylitol incorporated diet significantly affected serum glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides in normal and diabetic rats.