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المقدمة

الحمد لله رب العالمين الصلاة والسلام على سيدنا محمّد الأمين - صلى الله عليه وسلم- المبعوث رحمة للعالمين وعلى آله وأصحابه أجمعين ومن تبعهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين.

 أما بعد:                    

فلا شكّ أنَّ البشرية، لم تعرف كتابًا حظي بالدرس، والتمحيص، واحتفاء الناس به، كما هو الحال مع (القرآن العظيم). فمنذ تنزل الوحي على قلب نبينا - صلّى الله عليه وسلّم - لم يتوقف تأثير هذا الكتاب على قـُلوب الناس، وعقولهم؛ وذلك لأنّه نزل مفصلاً، قيمًا، متصفـًا بمعجز النظم كما في قوله تعالى: ﴿لَا يَأْتِيهِ الْبَاطِلُ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيهِ وَلَا مِنْ خَلْفِهِ تَنْزِيلٌ مِنْ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٍ﴾ (فصلت: 42). جعله الله متلوًا لا يمل على طول التلاوة، وعجيبًا لا تنقضي عجائبه.

وقد أنزل الله - عزّ وجلّ - القرآن الكريم بلسانٍ عربيّ مبين، وجعلهُ محكمًا فقال:﴿كِتَابٌ أُحْكِمَتْ آيَاتُهُ ثُمَّ فُصِّلَتْ مِنْ لَدُنْ حَكِيمٍ خَبِيرٍ﴾ (هود: 1). وجعله معجزًا؛ تحدى به العرب، أنْ يأتوا بمثله، أو بسورة من مثله فقال سبحانه وتعالى: ﴿فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ وَادْعُوا شُهَداءَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ﴾ (البقرة: 23). وحكم عليهم بالعجز أنْ يفعلوا ذلك في الماضي، أو الحاضر، أو المستقبل فقال: ﴿فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا وَلَنْ تَفْعَلُوا فَاتَّقُوا النَّارَ الَّتِي وَقُودُهَا النَّاسُ وَالْحِجَارَةُ أُعِدَّتْ لِلْكَافِرِينَ﴾  [االبقرة: 24]. ولم يكن هذا التحدي للعرب الذين اشتهروا بالفصاحة وحدهم، بل كان للإنس والجنّ قاطبةً، يقول تعالى: ﴿قُلْ لَئِنِ اجْتَمَعَتِ الْإِنْسُ وَالْجِنُّ عَلَى أَنْ يَأْتُوا بِمِثْلِ هَذَا الْقُرْآنِ لَا يَأْتُونَ بِمِثْلِهِ وَلَوْ كَانَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ ظَهِيرًا﴾ [الإسراء: 88].

أما الفصاحة لهذه الايات الكريمة تنمي إلى أدب القرآن فالآداب لا تكون في الإنسان إلا شرائع، ولكن الإنسان إذا عَرِيَ من الأدب النفسي، فربما شرع لنفسه ما لا يصنع الشيطانُ أخبثَ منه بل ما يَركضُ فيه الشيطانُ ركضاً؛ وقلما انتفعَ مَن لا أدب له بشريعة من الشرائع وإن كانت في الغاية التي لا مذهبَ وراءها...

تعمیر شخصیت كے جذباتی اجزاء احادیث نبویہ كی روشنی میں

The main Focus of Islam is to promote a healthy social setup. It is evident that a healthy society is a structure and framework of individuals' peaceful interactions. If the individuals are ofgood character with sound personalities, the society becomes a symbol of happiness and tranquility. It is clear that individuals face different situations in daily life and the way these matters are dealt with, depict the emotional aspect of their personality. Islam neither promotes ascetism nor it advocates to become materialistic, rather it strengthens a harmony between the spiritual and material needs. The balanced emotional expressions not only furnish a positive personality but also lead the individual to real success and salvation in this life and in the life hereafter. This article is an effort to identify the dimensions of different emotions, so that the negative emotional trends at individual or social level should not disturb the balance of the community life. (Note: Main components of the development of the personality are referred as cognitive, behavioral, and Emotional. Thefirst two components have been discussed in Issue No. 19th / 2008, whereas the Emotional components are being discussed in this Article.)

Pwr Reactor Core Analysis Using Stochastic Techniques

This research focuses on the neutronics analysis of Chashma Nuclear Power Plant, Unit-II (CNPP-II) loaded with UO2 fuel and to find the feasibility of MOX fuel usage to augment the fuel resources. For this purpose, a fully heterogeneous full core model of CNPP-II is developed employing two state of the art Monte Carlo codes, the Monte Carlo N-Particle, version-5 (MCNP5) and OpenMC. The model is then employed to simulate different operating conditions of the reactor core and the results are benchmarked against measured data. The important safety parameters like fuel and moderator temperature coefficients and reactivity worth of control elements are also calculated and compared with reference data. For fuel depletion studies, a new code, Linkage of ORIGEN2.2 and OpenMC (LOOP) is developed and verified against the previously published pin cell benchmarks. The validation of LOOP is carried out using the Takahama-3 experimental benchmark results. The detailed burnup calculations of the first cycle of the reactor are carried out and compared with the experimentally measured data at beginning, mid and end of cycle using fresh UO2 fuel. Since the reactor of interest is a commercial PWR, which is to be kept critical and the negative fission product effects are compensated by lowering the chemical shim concentration. Therefore for validation of burnup simulations, the chemical shim concentrations are varied as per reactor requirements. The power distribution results at Beginning Of Cycle (BOC), Mid Of Cycle (MOC) and End Of Cycle (EOC) are compared with the plant measured data. The depletion of Boron-10 in burnable poison rods is also analyzed and compared with the benchmarked results. The production of Cs-137 with burnup, which is considered as a benchmark in gamma spectroscopy, are also analyzed. After validation of LOOP, the feasibility of 1/3rd MOX fuel along with UO2 fuel is also studied. All the important neutronics parameters are reassessed and compared with those of UO2 fueled core. It is observed that the MOX fuel can safely be used in the PWR along with UO2 fuel with the sacrifice of slightly lower but acceptable neutronics safety parameters.
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