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جب سورج ڈھلنے لگتا ہے

جب سورج ڈھلنے لگتا ہے
یاد مجھے تُو کیوں آتا ہے

تُو نے پہنے ہیں دستانے
میرے دل کا خون ہوا ہے

تیرے شہر میں آ کر مجھ کو
اپنا آپ ہی بھول گیا ہے

تُو نے نہیں بنایا اپنا
تیرے شہر کو اپنایا ہے

تیری ساری باتیں سچی
کیسے کہوں میں تُو جھوٹا ہے

کوئی تری مجبوری ہو گی
میں نے اب یہ سوچ لیا ہے

اِس دل کو کیسے سمجھائوں
یہ تجھ کو اپنا سمجھا ہے

عشق کی آگ یہ کیسی بھڑکی
سب کچھ جل کر راکھ ہُوا ہے

تیرے شہر سے جانے لگا ہوں
کوئی مجھ کو روک رہا ہے

اسلامی تصوف کے مصادر اور مستشرقین كى آراء کا ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The issue of the source and origin of Sufism in Islam is a complex one. A number of scholars, since the latter half of the nineteenth century have put forward conflicting claims. Earlier Orientalists thought that a Sufism developed from a single source while the latter scholars think a number of different sources should be considered as origin of Sufism. Both groups agree, however, in maintaining that Sufism is an addition to Islam and did not originally belong to Islam.  Different opinions have been presented regarding the true source of Sufism, for example, Persian, Indian, Christian, Jewish and Neo-Platonic philosophies. The present paper intends to refute these charges of external influences on Islamic Sufism and attempts to show that the real origin of Islamic Sufism lies nowhere but in the teachings of the Holy Qur’an, Sunnah of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and lives of the blessed companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him).

Some Analytic Methods for Solving Higher Order Nonlinear Boundary and Initial Value Problems

Nonlinear phenomenon plays vital role in engineering and applied sciences. Higher order nonlinear boundary value and initial value problems are known to describe a large variety of phenomena. We are mainly concerned with finding the analytic solution of boundary value and initial value problems of the type T ( u ) = 0, subject to some boundary and initial conditions, where T is any differential or integral operator. We study and develop some analytic methods for solving higher order nonlinear boundary value and initial value problems. We propose several modifications in variation of parameters method for finding the approximate solution of several higher order nonlinear boundary value, initial value, parametric boundary value, higher dimensional and system of nonlinear Volterra integro differential problems. We apply the exp-function method to construct generalized soliton, travelling wave and periodic solution of several higher order nonlinear partial differential equations. We apply the exp-function method for finding the exact solution of some higher order nonlinear boundary value problems. All the suggested techniques are compared with well known classical techniques and are found quite efficient, well suited and reliable for the solution of higher order nonlinear boundary and initial value problems of diversified nature.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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