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گوشِ عالم میں پڑی ہے ورفعنا کی صدا


گوشِ عالم میں پڑی ہے وَرَفَعنا کی صدا
ہر زمانے نے سنی ہے وَرَفَعنا کی صدا

گلشنِ جاں میں رچی ہے ’’لَکَ ذِکرَک‘‘ کی مہک
دل کی دھڑکن میں بسی ہے وَرَفَعنا کی صدا

مالکِ خیر نے کی خیر کی کثرت اُنؐ پر
اہلِ شر سے نہ دبی ہے وَرَفَعنا کی صدا

عقل والوں نے جسے ذکرِ خدا سمجھا ہے
عشق والوں میں وہی ہے وَرَفَعنا کی صدا

مدحتِ شاہِ اُممؐ زینتِ قرطاس و قلم
صوت کا حسن بنی ہے وَرَفَعنا کی صدا

سننے والوں نے سنی آیۂ نَشرَح لیکن
لبِ قاری پہ سجی ہے وَرَفَعنا کی صدا

اس پہ قرآن کی آیات ہیں شاہد عرفاںؔ
ربِّ کونین نے دی ہے وَرَفَعنا کی صدا

FATA’s Merger with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: An Historical Analysis

Nation-building is an evolutionary socio-political process. It not only provides security, dignity and ownership to a community, but also ensures democratic participation of people within the state to claim rights and perform duties. It enables a state to defend its sovereignty, achieve economic goals, and protect national interests at regional and global levels. Since 9/11 incident, terrorism has become a global challenge. To counter this menace Pakistan also aligned and provided land routes to foreign forces to get access to a landlocked Afghanistan. Across the Pak-Afghan border, through the tribal belt known as FATA, terrorism has spilled over Pakistan. The exclusive status of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), in the past seventy years of Pakistan’s history, had deprived fundamental rights to the people of FATA. These tribal areas were governed by a separate law known as Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR) made by the British in 1901. This law has proved as the main obstacle in bringing FATA in to the mainstream of Pakistan. After examining the historical and geographical aspects of FATA, the article shows how FATA remained outside the nation-building process in Pakistan. In this connection it seeks to see the position of FATA in the constitutions of Pakistan, including state initiatives to own this western belt and obstacles faced in merging FATA with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). It narrates the events that led to the merger of FATA with the KPK and high lights future challenges as well. It recommends that FATA’s merger would help establish a strong line of defence against terrorism. ______

Impact of Educated Maternal Workforce on Academic Performance of Children at Primary Level

Education is playing major role to promote social, political, economical and intellectual development of any nation around the globe. Students’ performance at primary level is the integration of psychological socio-economical, institutional standards and parental environment of interest, time spent with children, mothers’ motivation, fathers’ involvement and investment on children are the big factors to lift up children academic performance. The major focus of the study was to explore the impact of maternal workforce on academic performance of children at primary level. Compare academic performance of children of highly educated working mothers and less educated working mothers. Investigate the impact social interaction of highly educated working mothers and less educated working mothers on children. Find out the differences of time spent in child’s educational activities by highly educated working mothers and less educated working mothers. Probe variations in income spent by highly educated working mothers and less educated working mothers on their children. The study was both quantitative and qualitative in nature. Survey method was used as a major method for this research study. All those students who had passed class four and promoted to class five were the part of population and they were 525. Total number of students participating in study were 350. The total number of teachers were 21. Mothers of the respective students; educated working, nonworking and without education were the part of population. Proportionate allocation method was employed to select sample size. Data were collected through questionnaire; from children, teachers and mothers. Questionnaires were developed in the light of previous researches. Reliability were also tested, questionnaires were distributed to the respondents personally. Data were analysed through percentages, graphs, ANOVA and t-test. Data was tabulated and interpreted in SPSS (statistical package for social sciences).Highly educated working mothers children’s got high academic(83.4) achievement as compare to less educated working mothers(74.06). By applying cross tabulation it was appeared that about 46 children of highly educated working mothers obtained more than 90% marks. So highly educated mothers are in better position to assist their children in academic performance at school.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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