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اطہرؔ صدیقی

اطہرؔ صدیقی(۱۹۳۵ء۔پ) کا اصل نام محمدیسیٰن صدیقی اور اطہرؔ تخلص کرتے تھے۔ آپ چوہان حال برہان پور تحصیل پسرور میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ معروف شاعر پروفیسر حفیظ صدیقی کے بھائی تھے۔ حفیظ صدیقی کی راہنمائی میں اطہر نے زمانہ طالب علمی میں شاعری کا آغاز کیا تو ان کا کلام ملک کے معروف ادبی رسائل و جرائد میں شائع ہونے لگا۔(۹۱۶)

اطہرؔ کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ’’ کاکل غم‘‘ غزلوں اور نظموں پر مشتمل ہے جو۱۹۸۷ء میں شائع ہوا۔دوسرامجموعہ کلام’’ذوق سفر‘‘ کے نام سے ۱۹۸۹ء میں صدیقی پبلی کیشنز لاہور سے طبع ہوا۔ یہ مجموعہ غزلیات پر مشتمل ہے۔ تیسرا شعری مجموعہ’’آبرؤے غم‘‘۱۹۹۰ء میں صدیقی پبلی کیشنز لاہور سے شائع ہوا۔ یہ مجموعہ بھی غزلیات پر مشتمل ہے۔ چوتھا شعری مجموعہ ’’گردِ مسافت‘‘غزلیات اور نظموں پر مشتمل ہے۔

اطہر ؔصدیقی کی شاعری کا بڑا موضوع عظمت انسان ہے ۔وہ اپنی شاعری میں حضور ؐ کی ذات اقدس کے شیدائی نظر آتے ہیں۔ ان کے نزدیک حضرت محمدؐ کی ہستی عظمت انسان کی علامت ہے۔ اور وہی مثالیِانسان کا نمونہ ہیں۔انھوں نے نعت میں ہی نہیں بلکہ اپنی نظم اور غزل میں بھی عظمتِ انسان کی حقیقت کا اظہار کیا ہے:

ذرے ذرے سے پوچھ دیکھا ہے

 

-دشت در دشت کون رہتا ہے

 

5کون رہتا ہے لا مکاں میں اب

 

3کس کی رعنائیوں کا چرچا ہے

(۹۱۷)

ƒاطہرؔ کی شاعری عزم و ہمت ،جوش ،جواں جذبوں ،جستجو اور بلند حوصلوں سے بھر پور شاعری ہے ۔وہ اپنی شاعری میں کہیں بھی پست ہمت نظر نہیں آتے۔ان کے ہاں جوش اور جذبات کی شدت قاری کے حوصلے کو بلند...

The Holy Prophet (Saw) as an Embodiment of Peace: An Analysis of Extracts From the Text of Al-Quran and Sunnah

In view of the geo-politics of the twenty first century where despite the concerted efforts of the international community to maintain peace on the globe, the still is confronted with the wars and its worst consequences. One of the reasons for such unhappy developments is that religion is most of the time considered as war-mongering. This may be somewhat true in case of certain cases; however, the case of Islam is totally different. The very word Islam stands for peace. It was revealed on Prophet Muhammad (SAW) who remained an icon of peace and mercy for the whole Mankind. This paper was an attempt to highlight some of the guiding injunctions of Islam together with the peace-related overtures of the Last Prophet of Allah. The problem under study was to explore, “The Holy Prophet (SAW) as an embodiment of Peace—an analysis of extracts from the text of The Holy Quran and Sunnah”. The objectives were: 1, to highlight some of the commandments of Islam regarding peace; and 2, to pinpoint some of the peace-promoting instances from the life of the Holy Prophet (SAW). The methodology adopted was to highlight some of the peace-promoting text of the Holy Quran coupled with instances from the life of the Holy Prophet (SAW). It was found that Islam stands as religion for peace. The last messenger of Allah was a complete embodiment of peace in His disposition and practice. Hence the very text of the Holy Quran as ell as the life of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) provide some very cherished ideals and norms for the establishment of a peaceful global community.

Growth and Yield Response of Cotton to Various Agronomic Practices

Appropriate agronomic practices like cultivar selection, planting date, plant density, and nitrogen management have a profound effect on the development and final outcome of the crop. Two field experiments to evaluate the growth and yield response of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to various agronomic practices were carried out on a loam soil at Post Graduate Agricultural Research Station, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, during the year 2007 and 2008. In first trial, response of three different cotton varieties (CIM-496, MNH-786 and FH-113) to three sowing dates (1 st week of May, 4 th week of May and 3 rd week of June) and three plant spacing (22.5 cm, 30.0 cm and 37.5 cm) was evaluated. Results revealed that number of monopodias and sympodias per plant, plant height, height to node ratio, number of main stem nodes, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed cotton yield per plant and seed cotton yield per hectare differed significantly between sowing times, varieties and plant spacings but plant population was significantly varied only by varying plant spacing. Plant spacing did not influence significantly cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) infestation and earliness parameters. The ratio of CLCuV effected plants increased with delay in planting as early sown cotton (1 st week of May) up to 90 days after sowing resulted in low virus attack (16.6% in 2007 and 14% in 2008) compared to 100% virus infestation in late sown cotton (3 rd week of June) during both the years. Cultivar FH-113 proved to be more resistant to virus attack than other varieties. Cotton grown in 1 st week of May had higher seed cotton yield (2796 and 2521 kg ha -1 , during 2007 and 2008, respectively) at wide plant spacing (37.5 cm). Whereas, cotton sown in 3 rd week of June gave higher seed cotton yields at 22.5 cm plant spacing in 2007 with value of 778 kg ha -1 and at 30 cm plant spacing in 2008 giving 831 kg ha -1 . Averaged over sowing time, the cotton Cultivar FH-113 produced significantly highest seed cotton yield (2389 kg ha -1 and 2000 kg ha -1 , during 2007 and 2008, respectively) at wide plant spacing whereas both CIM-496 and MNH-786 gave similar yields at wider and normal plant spacing. Leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), total dry matter (TDM) production and crop growth rate (CGR) were also increased with early sowing and close plant spacing. Fiber quality parameters were not influenced significantly by sowing time or plant spacing. Therefore, farmers should sow FH-113 at 37.5 cm spacing for early sowing while for late sowing plant spacing should be 30 cm to have higher seed cotton yield. In second experiment four nitrogen levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha -1 ) were applied at three xvinter row spacings (60, 75 and 90 cm) . Both the factors significantly influenced monopodias and sympodias per plant, plant height, main stem nodes, height to node ratio, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed index, lint index, seed cotton yield per plant and seed cotton yield per hectare but fiber quality traits were not significantly affected. Leaf area index, leaf area duration, total dry matter production and crop growth rate also increased with increased nitrogen level and decreased row spacing. The maximum seed cotton yield (2106 and 1936 kg ha -1 in 2007 and 2008, respectively) was recorded in 75 cm row spacing due to more number of bolls m -2 . Similarly, highest seed cotton yield (2197 and 2032 kg ha -1 in 2007 and 2008, respectively) was produced by applying 180 kg N ha -1 which was also statistically similar to 120 kg N ha -1 in both experimental years. For economic seed cotton yield cotton should be sown on 75 cm spaced rows with 120 kg ha -1 of nitrogen. Key Words: Gossypium hirsutum, planting date, plant spacing, cotton varieties, nitrogen, row spacing, seed cotton yield and fiber quality traits.
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