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عبدالمجید خواجہ

عبدالمجید خواجہ
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینے دوسری دسمبر کو ہماری پرانی قومی بزم کی ایک یادگار عبدالمجید خواجہ نے انتقال کیا، خواجہ صاحب مرحوم کی شخصیت بڑی جامع تھی، ان کی ذات میں دین و سیاست، قومیت وطنیت اور اسلامی غیرت و حمیت کا بڑا متناسب اجتماع تھا، ان کی پوری زندگی ملک و ملت کی خدمت میں گذری، طرابلس اور بلقان کی جنگ سے لے کر ہندوستان کی آزادی تک ہر قومی و ملی تحریک میں ان کا نمایاں حصہ رہا، اس دور کے لیڈروں میں ان کا ممتاز مقام تھا، ایک طرف وہ پکے قوم پرور اور وطن دوست تھے، مسلمان فرقہ پروروں کا ہمیشہ مقابلہ کرتے رہے، دوسری طرف راسخ العقیدہ مسلمان تھے اور ان کا دل اسلامی غیرت و حمیت سے معمور تھا، اس لئے ہندوستان کی آزادی کے بعد کے حالات سے بہت بددل تھے، اور اس سلسلہ میں نئے ارباب سیاست اور ارکان حکومت سے بہت صاف اور کھری باتیں کہتے تھے، پنڈت جواہر لال تک ان کا لحاظ کرتے تھے، مسلم یونیورسٹی اور جامعہ ملیہ سے بہت قدیم اور گہرا تعلق تھا، جامعہ کے تو معماروں میں تھے، آخر وقت تک اس کے چانسلر رہے۔ مسلم یونیورسٹی کے بھی رکن رکین تھے، آزادی کے بعد یونیورسٹی میں جو غیر اسلامی رجحانات پیدا ہوگئے ہیں ان کی اصلاح کے لئے برابر کوشش کرتے رہے۔
خواجہ صاحب علی گڑھ کے اس دور کی پیداوار تھے جب انگریزیت اور تجدد اس کا طغرائے امتیاز تھا۔ بیرسٹری کی تعلیم کے سلسلہ میں ان کا قیام عرصہ تک لندن میں رہا، لیکن ان کا مزاج ابتدا سے مذہبی تھا، اس لئے وہ ہر دور میں عملاً مسلمان اور پابند مذہب رہے، اور عمر کے ساتھ ساتھ ان کی مذہبیت بڑھتی گئی تھی، ان کا مذہبی مطالعہ وسیع تھا، مذہبی گفتگو میں آیات و احادیث...

KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS PADA PRAKTIKUM IPA MATERI ASAM BASA PADA MAHASISWA PGMI IAIN PALU

The purpose of this study was to describe the science process skills of  students of  PGMI FTIK IAIN Palu on the science  laboratory of Asam Basa. This research is a descriptive study conducted at the PGMI Study Program in September to October 2019. The research subjects were students of semester 3 of PGMI in the academic year 2019/2020 who took 28 natural science courses. Data in the form of students' Science Process Skills were obtained from the student performance appraisal in the science practicum on acid-base material. The results showed that students' science process skills varied in each category. For the category of skills using tools and materials, the average percentage for the 2 indicators is 83.05% or very high. For the category of observation skills, the average percentage for the two indicators is 83% or very high. For the grouping / classification skills category, the average percentage for the 2 indicators is 79% or in the high category. Whereas for communication skills where in this category there are 3 indicators with an average indicator of 82.5 or very high. Overall by averaging the percentage of all indicators obtained the percentage for science process skills in science lab, wet acid material is 82%. This shows that the science process skills of PGMI students are very high.

Bayesian Approach of Testing Many Hypotheses Concerning Parameters of Multivariate Normal Distribution

Multiple hypothesis testing is an important topic in statistics. Therefore, the problem addressed in this thesis is an important one. The Bayesian methods of hy- potheses testing are widely used for solving different problems, and this technique is rather well developed. A lot of scientific works are dedicated to the development of this method. Many interesting and important results have been obtained in this field by different authors. Despite of this fact there still remain a lot of unsolved prob- lems. For filling these gaps, in this thesis we consider different problems of testing many hypotheses by the Bayesian approach. In particular, in the Bayesian problem of many hypotheses testing concerning all the parameters of multidimensional normal distribution at correlation of observation results we have obtained the following new results: the problem of computation of the risk function were considered; the formulae for calculation of multidimensional probability integrals by series using the reduction of dimensionality to one without information loss were derived; the formulae for cal- culation of product moments for normalized normally distributed random values were derived; the problems of existence and continuity of the probability distribution law of linear combination of exponents of quadratic forms of the normally distributed random vector, and, also, the problem of finding the closed form of this law were considered; the existence of this law and the opportunity of its unambiguous deter- mination by calculated moments of the appropriate random variable were proved; the approximation of optimal regions of acceptance of hypotheses, which significantly simplify the algorithms of realization of general solutions of the task, is offered; the viiiix properties and interrelations of the developed methods and algorithms were investi- gated; the problem of choosing the loss function in the Bayesian problem of many hypotheses testing was considered; the results of sensitivity analysis of the consid- ered Bayesian problem are given; the calculation results for concrete examples, which show the validity of the obtained results are given. Especially must be emphasized that new sequential method of testing many hypotheses based on special properties of regions of acceptance of hypotheses in the conditional Bayesian task of testing many hypotheses is offered. The results of research of the properties of this method are given. They show the consistency, simplicity and optimality of the obtained results in the sense of the chosen criterion, which consists in the upper restriction of the probability of the error of one kind and the minimization of the probability of the error of the second kind. The examples of testing of hypotheses for the case of the sequential independent sample from the multidimensional normal law of probability distribution with correlated components are cited. They show the high quality of the offered methods.
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