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اگے دی سوچ

اگے دی سوچ
سانوں دسیا پیر بخاری اے
ایہہ زندگی ملی ادھاری اے

جو قدر وقت دی کردے نیں
دل بھانڈا ذکر تھیں بھردے نیں
اوہ دوہیں جہانیں تردے نیں
جنھاں ذکر دی چڑھی خماری اے

ایہہ عمر نہ مفت گنواویں توں
نہ بوہے غیر دے جاویں توں
سوہنے رب نوں رج مناویں توں
سچی رب رحیم دی یاری اے

ایہہ جیون کھیڈ تے ہاسا نہیں
ایتھے سدا کسے دا واسا نہیں
کسے قبر چ پرتنا پاسا نہیں
اوتھے ہونی بڑی دشواری اے

ہین زندہ دل، سب کہندے نیں
جو سب دے دکھڑے سہندے نیں
تے سادہ سادہ رہندے نیں
ایہناں دی ہی مختاری اے

زنگ اپنی جان نہ لاویں توں
کر عمل حیاتی پاویں توں
سوہنے رب نوں رج مناویں توں
اس باہجھوں ساری خواری اے

ایہہ جیون کرم ربانا اے
توں ہک دن ایتھوں جانا اے
تیرا اصلی گور ٹھکانا اے
بس توبہ نال بُہاری اے

Conflicting Images of Muslims in Post-9 11 American Literature

Since the advent of Islam, Muslims have never ceased to be important for the West and have been variously depicted in English literature from time to time. However, after the tragic incidents of 11th September, 2001, there has been a dramatic change in the world's focus on them, both in nature and in magnitude. Both as Ummah—the formal Arabic word for the global community of Muslims —and as individuals, they have suddenly found themselves among the protagonists of English literature in general, and that produced in the North American Continent in particular. This paper aims at discussing the different images of Muslims and Islam in the English literature of North America, focusing on their nature, types, causes, consequences and the way they differ from the depiction of Muslims and Islam before the drastic disaster of nine-eleven. It also intends to contrast the literature authored by Muslim Americans about themselves with that written by non-Muslim Americans about them during the period in focus.

Promoting Organizational Learning to Improve the Quality of Education in School of Pakistan

The education system in Pakistan is strongly criticised for not establishing a sustainable mechanism whereby school personnel could learn from each other in both the formal and informal social contexts of schools and contribute to the provision of quality education. The current research used the philosophical underpinnings of organizational learning and proposed the School Organizational Learning Model (SOLM) to improve the quality of education in poorly performing schools in Pakistan. The quality of education provided by the schools is contingent on the fees they charge. Thus, the low cost public and private schools were noted as poorly performing schools in Pakistan. One way to improve quality is to utilize learning from well performing schools and improve the quality of education in the low-cost schools. The current research followed the explanatory mixed design and applied the Dimensions of Learning School Questionnaire (DLSQ) originally prepared by Watkins and Marsick (1997) and later adapted by Akram, Watkins and Sajid (2013) for schools of Pakistan. This was done to gather data from 502 sample cases from the medium-cost schools and used learning from them to improve conditions in a low-cost private school. Using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) technique variables that contributed to the organizational learning of the medium-cost schools were identified. It was noted that out of four independent variables, individual level organizational learning was negatively correlated whereas school level organizational learning was positively correlated with the knowledge performance school outcome in the medium-cost schools. The remaining two variables, team level organizational learning and global level organizational learning, indicated insignificant impact on the knowledge performance of the schools. Thus, a semi-structured interview schedule based on individual and school level learning was developed and employed to gain additional relevant data from four selected teachers, four head teachers/coordinators. Using theoretical underpinnings of the organizational learning theory (Akram, Watkins & Sajid, 2013; Watkins & Marsick, 1997) and the data gathered during Phase I of the research which included both quantitative and qualitative data in the mixed methods design, the SOLM was developed and implemented through action research (AR) in the Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) section of a low-cost private school to improve the quality of education of the school. Evidence which indicated that the quality of classroom teaching of six teachers was improved emerged and thus the SOLM was considered a contribution to the existing knowledge concerning organizational learning.
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