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١۔فرحت شکور

غزل ۔۔۔فرحت شکور

 

کوئی شکوہ نہیں ہے ہم کو اپنی بے نوائی سے
ملے ہیں حوصلے کیا کیا تمہاری بے وفائی سے
تمہاری بے نیازی نے جنوں کو پختگی بخشی
ہزاروں لطف پائے ہم نے تیری کج ادائی سے
یہ تنہائی یہ رسوائی تو ہے انجام چاہت کا
بھلا ہم مر نہ جائیں گے ذرا سی جگ ہنسائی سے
وہ جس نے جرمِ اُلفت کی سزا میں فرقتیں بخشی
اُسے کہنا کوئی مرتا نہیں دردِ جدائی سے
ہزاروں خواب ٹھکرا کر یہ کس کے راستے دیکھے
کوئی پوچھے مری آنکھوں کی بجھتی روشنائی سے
تمہاری یاد کے قید و قفس میں زندگی گزری
رہے محروم ہم تیرے خیالوں کی رہائی سے
یہ ممکن تھا وہ میرے شعر سن کر واہ واہ کرتا
اگر اس شوخ کو فرصت جو ملتی خود ستائی سے
وہ اپنی سلطنت کا ہی خدا ہوگا ، اسے کہنا
نہ دیکھے ہم فقیروں کو ادائے کبریائی سے
ہزاروں راہزنوں سے بچ کے جو پہنچے تھے منزل پر
انہیں یاروں نے لوٹا ہے فریبِ پارسائی سے
یہی شیوہ ہے اپنا تو بھلائی کر ، برائی سے
عوض پھولوں کے ہم نے تو ہمیشہ زخم کھائے ہیں
میرے رہوار سے جو زندگی بھر طے نہ ہو پایا
ہے کیسا فاصلہ اس ہاتھ کا میری کلائی سے
خزاؤں نے بسیرا یوں کیا ہے گلشنِ جاں میں
رہے محروم جیون بھر گلوں کی آشنائی سے
کبھی دھرتی پھٹی نہ ہی کبھی وہ آسماں لرزا
امیرِ شہر کیوں جاگے غریبوں کی دھائی سے
تیرے حصے کی خوشیوں سے بھری ہیں جھولیاں کتنی
کئی سر ڈھک گئے فرحتؔ تمہاری بے ردائی سے

توظيف وسائل الاتصال الحديثة في تعليم اللغة العربية

The Arabic language is the language of the Holy Quran, which has become an immortal language because of the immortality of the Holy Quran as it says: "Surely We have revealed the Reminder and We will most surely be its guardian." It is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, especially since the language is the means of communication among the peoples of the world. Communication and technological techniques in learning and teaching the Arabic language taking into account the elements of the educational process (student, teacher and curriculum), according to the requirements of the age, and the development of the mechanisms of teaching the Arabic language with modern technologies that keep up with the times and developments. The aim of the research is to explain the impact of modern means of communication on the teaching of the Arabic language according to several axes: definition of the language, definition of the language in Arabic and the strategy of its publication, the definition of the modern means of communication and their types in the teaching of the Arabic language. The analytical approach will be used in this study. The researcher concluded at the end of this study to prove that the Arabic language faces many challenges in light of the great progress of the modern means of communication and technical progress; and that there are many obstacles in the use of educational technology in the teaching of the Arabic language, which prevents the achievement of the objectives of education. Solutions to this problem are, thus, suggested so as to improve the Arabic language and maintain its position among the languages of the world.

Assessment of Eterosis and Combining Ability for Quantitative Traits in Tomato Solanum Lycopersicum L.

Cultivated tomato is a relatively recent addition in world’s important crops. There exists enormous variability for quality and yield related traits among different genotypes of tomato species. Like other tomato growing countries, tomato cultivation in Pakistan is also facing yield stagnation due to narrow genetic base of the existing tomato varieties and the onset of different biotic and abiotic stresses. Tomato crop thrives well at a temperature ranging from 13 °C to 39 °C. Tomato plants are sensitive to chilling temperature (0-12 oC), therefore, its yield is affected by frost and low temperature. Hence, chilling stress is the major yield limiting factor for tomato cultivation in the plain areas of Pakistan. In order to develop high yielding frost/chilling tolerant tomato varieties/hybrids, there is need to exploit the existing variability for different yield related traits in tomato. The selected genotypes with frost tolerance and high yielding traits could be hybridized to converge these traits in desired genotypes. The present study was designed to undertake the genetic analysis of various quantitative traits of economic worth. A set of 101 diverse germplasm entries was subjected to natural chilling temperatures in the field.Among all the screened genotypes only 18 lines were identified as frost tolerant. The selected lines were crossed with three high yielding testers. The parents and the F1 hybrids were planted at two different locations. The data for various quantitative traits was recorded and subjected to biometrical analysis to evaluate general combing ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and heterosis, as a step towards the development of genetically improved indigenous hybrids/varieties in tomatoes. For the better understanding of behavior of different traits, correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) of parental lines and F1 hybrids was also done.
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