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مولانا سید ابوظفر ندوی

مولانا سید ابوظفر ندوی
ابھی یہ سطور لکھی جا رہی تھیں کہ اچانک اطلاع ملی کہ مولانا سید ابوظفر ندوی نے اپنے وطن دیسنہ(بہار) میں وفات پائی۔اناﷲ واناالیہ راجعون۔مرحوم پرانے دور کے ندوی تھے۔ تمام علوم اسلامیہ وعربیہ میں دسترس رکھتے تھے،لیکن تاریخ ان کاخاص فن تھا، چنانچہ مرحوم نے جتنے مقالات لکھے اور جتنی کتابیں تالیف کیں اُن میں سے اکثر وبیشتر اسی موضوع پرہیں۔ اس فن کابڑا عمدہ اورصاف ستھرا مذاق رکھتے تھے، جو کچھ لکھتے تھے شگفتہ زبان میں لکھتے اور تحقیق کے ذریعہ فراہمی معلومات کاحق اداکردیتے تھے۔ ’مختصر تاریخ ہند‘ اور ’تاریخ سندھ‘ دارالمصنفین کی طرف سے شائع ہوکر مقبول عام وخاص ہوچکی ہیں۔ایک ضخیم کتاب ’’تاریخ گجرات‘‘ کے نام سے ندوۃ المصنفین کے زیرِ اہتمام طبع ہورہی ہے۔مختلف کالجوں میں پروفیسر رہے اوراب ادھر سالہا سال سے احمدآباد میں گجرات اکاڈمی سے وابستہ تھے۔ مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ کے بھانجہ یا بھتیجے تھے اور یوں بھی صورۃً وسیرۃً سیدصاحب سے اس درجہ مشابہ تھے کہ ۵۵ء میں اپنی صاحبزادی کی شادی کے سلسلہ میں کلکتہ آئے اور پہلے سے کسی اطلاع کے بغیر اچانک راقم الحروف سے ملنے کی غرض سے دفتر میں تشریف لے آئے تومرحوم کودیکھ کرسید صاحب کی شکل وصورت کا نقشہ آنکھوں میں پھر گیا اور بے قرار کرگیا،یہ بالکل پہلی ملاقات تھی مگروہی بزرگانہ شفقت ومحبت ، باتوں میں علمیت اورذہانت کے ساتھ وہی بھولا پن اورسادگی ،وہی غایتِ کرم اور توجہ۔ سمدھیانہ میں شادی کا ہنگامہ بپاتھا اس لیے شب غریب خانہ پر ہی بسر کی۔ احمد آبادسے بھی وقتاًفوقتاً خط لکھتے رہتے تھے اوراُس میں بھی وہی مشفقانہ اور بزرگانہ انداز ہوتاتھا۔میر ے اور اپنے خانگی معاملات پراس طرح گفتگو کرتے تھے کہ گویا ہم دونوں قریبی رشتہ دار ہوں۔ان ذاتی اخلاق کے علاوہ بڑے متشرع اور متدین تھے، دو راتیں میرے مکان پر...

An Analysis of Prisons’ Staff Role in the Reintegration of the Prisoners

The central theme of this research is to explore the effectiveness of prisons staff in the reintegration of the prisoners with specific focus on Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan) jails. Mixed method was adopted to carry out the study.  Seven high-profile jails within Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, one jail each, in all the seven administrative divisions, were purposively selected.  Of all 277 respondents, 250 comprised of jail inmates (under trial and convicted adults and juveniles male prisoners) were randomly selected within the seven jails of the province and interviewed through semi-structured questionnaire.  The remaining 27 respondents, purposively selected and interviewed through interview-guide included judges, lawyers, jail officials, human right activists and ex-prisoners.  Further, One focus group discussion was arranged to gain more deep insight into the phenomenon in question. Concurrent triangulation strategy was adopted for the collection and analysis of data.       It was found that prison staff in Pakistan is characterized by lack of will and skill to transform prisons into correction institutions. Their involvement in torturing the inmates, providing them proscribed stuff, sexual assaults on the prisoners, taking bribery for extending legal and illegal favors etc is deeply-seated within the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa prisons. Providing best trainings to the prisons’ staff considering modern-day needs, their salaries increase along with sound service structure, meritorious selection, transfer and up-gradation of the prisons’ employees, recruitment of the needed staff to bridge the staff-inmate huge gape and ensuring the effective accountability system of prisons are the suggested measures to overcome the problem at hand.

The Development of a Screening Tool for Differential Diagnosis of Autism and Mental Retardation

Differential diagnosis of autism and intellectual disability (formerly known as mental retardation) is getting more problematic because of the awareness of both autism and MR in recent clinical work. The overlap of symptoms/features of both disorders is one of the major causes of this problem. Using the phenomenological approach, the range of 92 symptoms/features were elicited from parents of 20 children (10 each of autism and ID). They were validated by ten experts (psychiatrists and clinical psychologists) to the degree to which each symptom is diagnostically related to Autism or ID. Sixty-six symptoms were identified as clearly belonging to one category or the other. Using as a base ratings, the scale was administered to 260 children (110 children with ASD and 150 children with ID) through an interview with the mother or the teacher of the child. The factor analysis of 66 symptoms resulted in two distinct factors. In addition, each of those 66 symptoms was tested on Mann Whitney U Test for its significance in differentiating the two disorders. Those symptoms were retained which had high factor loading (0.30 or greater) as well as were found statistically significant in differentiating the two conditions (p< 0.01). This produced two scales i.e. ASD Scale and ID Scale. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and concurrent validity were found to be respectable. The results were discussed in terms of cultural implications, improvement in differential diagnosis, and a functional profile of the children that will be useful in developing training programs.
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