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نیا ز احمد صدیقی

آہ! جناب نیاز احمد صدیقی
اسی مہینہ یعنی مارچ ۱۹۸۳؁ء میں جناب نیاز احمد صدیقی تقریباً ۸۴ سال کی عمر میں اﷲ کو پیارے ہوئے، وہ کوئی ادیب شاعر، نقاد اور مصنف نہ تھے، شروع سے آخر تک انگریزی زبان کے قابل قدر استاذ رہے، وطن مریاہو ضلع جونپور تھا، اردو زبان کے مایہ ناز ادیب اور نقاد جناب رشید احمد صدیقی کے چھوٹے بھائی تھے، مسلم یونیورسٹی علی گڑھ سے ایم اے، ایل ایل بی اور بی ٹی کی ڈگریاں حاصل کرکے شبلی اسکول اعظم گڑھ میں انگریزی کے استاد ہوئے، پھر جب یہ اسکول انٹر اور ڈگری کالج بنا، تو اس کے انگریزی کے لکچرر مقرر کئے گئے، آخر میں محمد حسن انٹر کالج کے پرنسپل بنے، وہاں سے ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء میں کچھ دنوں انگریزی پڑھاتے رہے، یہی ان کی زندگی کی مختصر روداد ہے، مگر وہ ان چند شریف انسانوں میں تھے، جو حدیث سوزو ساز زندگی کے حامل، اخوت کے بیان اور محبت کی زبان بن کر اپنے گھر والوں، دوستوں اور معاصروں کے ساتھ رہے، اپنی اس طویل زندگی کے سولہ برس دارالمصنفین کے احاطہ میں گزارے اور اس کے شب و روز کو پر کیف بنانے میں کوئی کسر اٹھا نہیں رکھی، کوئی مسئلہ ہوتا، کوئی نازک وقت آتا، یا کوئی تقریب ہوتی، تو ہر موقع پر اپنے مخلصانہ، مشفقانہ اور ناصحانہ مشوروں سے سب کی دل داری، دلنوازی اور رہنمائی کرتے، وہ یہاں کی زندگی کے جزولاینفک ہوگئے تھے، اپنے شریفانہ برتاؤ، اخلاقی بلندی اور روزمرہ کی زندگی کے لین دین کی طہارت اور صاف باطنی میں قرونِ اولیٰ کی روایت کو تازہ کرتے، ان کی پاک اور طاہر زندگی پر اس وقت رشک آتا جب دارالمصنفین کے احاطہ کے اندر بعض لوگوں کی زبان سے یہ سننے میں آتا کہ ایک صحابی کی زندگی...

Pak-US Strategic Partnership in the War on Terror to Curb Militant Bloodbath

Pakistan’s involvement in the US war on terrorism was a tragic decision. No option was left for the ruling elite of Pakistan except to join the global war on terrorism and to take a U-turn from the support of Taliban’s regime in Afghanistan which was duly recognized by Pakistan’s government in 1996. It was expected by the policy-makers of the US that the alliance with Pakistan would provide extraordinary strength in combating the Al-Qaeda and other affiliated conglomerates in Afghanistan as well as in borderland area. However, after fifteen years of war, the alliance has enfeebled despite their mutual understanding regarding the objectives envisaged in the Strategic Partnership. The war on terrorism has now been escalated from Afghanistan to Pakistan and it has provided space to religious extremism, militancy, intolerance, ethnic division and sectarianism. There is no denial to the fact that religious extremism and terrorism are common threat and have damaged both the countries yet Pakistan has sacrificed more than the US in terms of human and material loss. Nevertheless, blame game and trust deficit is on the rise from both sides. This article focuses first on the joint ventures that the US and Pakistan mutually initiated to curb militant bloodbath in Afghanistan as well as in the border region. Secondly, it will explore factors responsible for increasing trust deficit between the partners. The study will not only provide deep understanding about the prevailing issues between Pakistan and the US but will also give true pictures to streamline the methodology for negotiating with each other in  future.

Evaluation of Biofertilizer for Chickpea-Maize Cropping System in Southern Punjab, Pakistan

Different biotic and abiotic factors limit the plant productivity. Among them, water deficit is most common. It seriously affects the plant physiology, biochemistry and yield. In the southern Punjab region, due to unfavorable environmental conditions, there is severe shortage of water which hampering the crop yield. To ameliorate the effect of water deficit different approaches can be adopted. The most economical and simplest approach is the use of biofertilizer along with the organic sources in chickpea-maize cropping system. Cropping system is important for improving soil health and crop yield as well. A legume has the ability to fix nitrogen by symbiotic relationship with microbe. It helps to maintain soil fertility and organic matter. In chickpea-maize cropping system, chickpea increased the N nutrition of cereal crop can enhanced because the N transfers from the chickpea to the cereal. Chickpea is able to take much of its nitrogen requirement from the atmosphere by forming a symbiotic association with soil bacteria called rhizobium, and thus does not need much fertilizer. Maize is the third major cereal crop and chickpea is an important dietary protein for the rural poor people of the world likewise Pakistan, Combined cropping system of chickpea-maize show a considerable promise in better productivity and help to reverse the decline in soil fertility. Biofertilizer have the potential to mitigate the effect of water deficit stress on growth and yield of chickpea and maize in natural conditions of Southern Punjab through a number of direct and indirect mechanisms. Keeping in view the above said problem, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of biofertilizers for improving the productivity and profitability in chickpea-maize cropping system in southern Punjab. For this purpose already prepared biofertilizer (Rhizogold), Rock phosphate enriched compost and biogas slurry was taken. Rock phosphate enriched compost & biogas slurry were analyzed for various physicochemical properties in the laboratory. Biofertilizer were tested for bacterial population. A series of wire-house and field experiments were conducted for the evaluation of biofertilizer for chickpea-maize cropping system in South Punjab, Pakistan. The pot experiments were conducted to evaluate biofertilizer for improving growth, yield and quality of chickpea and maize crops following chickpea – maize cropping system. For the confirmation of results of pot trials, the field experiments were conducted following the chickpea-maize cropping system on permanent layout. Results of the pot trial showed that combined application of biofertilizer and biogas slurry gave significantly better results and improved grain yield up to 40 and 14% in chickpea and maize, respectively, as compared to control. While, in field trial I and II, the combined application of biofertilizer with biogas slurry showed maximum increase up to 39 and 32%, respectively, in grain yield of chickpea as compared to control. In both the field trials of maize, combined application of biofertilizer and biogas slurry showed maximum grain yield. The combined use of biofertilizer and biogas slurry also significantly improved the nitrogen concentration in soil and soil bacterial population after crop harvest. Biofertilizer also improved the profitability of the chickpea – maize cropping system as shown by the economic analyses of the results. So, it is concluded that use of biofertilizer can be effective in improving soil health and crop yield in chickpea-maize cropping system however its combined use with enriched compost and biogas slurry can be cost effective, economical and more efficient in improving the water and fertilizer use efficiency, microbial community and soil health in water stress area of South Punjab Pakistan.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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