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پروفیسرمحمد الیاس برنی

پروفیسر محمد الیاس برنی
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینوں میں دنیائے علم و ادب کی دو نامور شخصیتیں پروفیسر محمد الیاس برنی اور خلیفہ عبدالحکیم ہم سے جدا ہوگئے، پروفیسر الیاس برنی علی گڑھ کالج کے نامور فرزند تھے، حصول تعلیم کے بعد کالج ہی میں معاشیات کے لکچرار ہوگئے تھے، پھر دارالترجمہ کے رکن کی حیثیت سے حیدرآباد چلے گئے اور کچھ دنوں تک اس کے ناظم بھی رہے، پھر جامعہ عثمانیہ میں معاشیات کے استاد مقرر ہوگئے، اور اسی عہدہ سے سبکدوش ہوئے، تعلیم و تدریس کے ساتھ تالیف و تصنیف کا سلسلہ بھی برابر جاری رہا، جامعہ عثمانیہ کے لیے معاشیات کی کئی کتابیں لکھیں، اس فن کو اردو میں سب سے پہلے ان ہی نے روشناس کیا تھا، ان کی پہلی تصنیف علم المعیشت ایک زمانہ میں بہت مشہور تھی۔ شعر و ادب کا مذاق بھی رکھتے تھے، معارف ملت، جذبات فطرت اور مناظر قدرت کے نام سے کئی حصوں میں اردو نظموں کا ایک نہایت عمدہ انتخاب مرتب کیا تھا جو بہت مقبول ہوا۔
مذہبی ذوق ابتداء سے تھا جو عمر کے ساتھ بڑھتا گیا اور آخر میں مذہب و تصوف کا بڑا غلبہ ہوگیا تھا اور ان کی ساری قلمی کوششیں اسی کے لیے وقف ہوگئی تھیں، انھوں نے مختلف مذہبی موضوعات پر مفید کتابیں لکھیں، ان کا سفرنامۂ حج، صراط الحمید خاص طور پر مقبول ہوا، قادیانی مذہب کے نام سے ایک ضخیم کتاب لکھی تھی جس میں مرزا غلام احمد قادیانی اور دوسرے قادیانی اکابر کی تحریروں سے اس مذہب کی حقیقت ظاہر کی گئی تھی، یہ کتاب اتنی مقبول ہوئی کہ اس کے کئی ایڈیشن شائع ہوئے اور ہر ایڈیشن پہلے ایڈیشن سے بڑھ کر تھا، ان کی چھوٹی بڑی تصانیف کی تعداد دو درجن سے زیادہ ہوگی، اﷲ تعالیٰ اس شیدائے علم و دین کو اپنی رحمت...

فکر اقبال کے تناظر میں تہذیبی تصادم

A thorough critical analysis of human history highlights that the clash of civilizations centered on themes of conflict, war, and struggle. Historical experts use the word encounter to interpret or explain these relations among civilizations. Trade played a vital role in flourishing these ties, however, conflict and encounter have also been a part of almost all the phases or eras of human history. Developing nations have always looked up to the western world as a role model of economic and military progression, but this philosophy has also resulted in the escalation of tensions among these nations. World peace faces daunting challenges and is one of the most talked-about human concerns in the present times. Islam is currently being challenged by the western world in terms of the right interpretation of religious teachings and the true message of the Holy Quran and Sunnah. Islam is still struggling to make its mark in the present world order, particularly after the 9/11 incident which painted Muslims as terrorists and fundamentalists. It is quite evident that the world is divided into factions or groups, where one group is the torchbearer of Islam and religious teachings, while the second group endorses western ideals or secularism. According to Samuel Huntington, it won’t be wrong to say that the next ideological challenge that the world faces after the ultimate demise of the Soviet Union is Islam and the prospective clash between the East and the West in the 21st century will be the most discussed topic. The present-day relationship between the East and the West is based upon rivalry. This conflict is not a new area of research and is centuries old. The only solution to this problem is to promote global peace and harmony and facilitate dialogue among nations. This would help in creating a social system that can center on values, harmony, peace, and love. Also, Iqbal’s philosophy can act as a guiding stone and can help in resolving this crisis. Iqbal’s universal social reconstruction theory highlights how different civilizations can live together and can facilitate constructive dialogue to improve civilizational ties. This article aims to incorporate the teachings of Iqbal, especially the universal social reconstruction theory to propose solutions for inter-civilizational clashes. This article aims to use the teachings of Iqbal as a beacon of light to promote constructive dialogue and peaceful coexistence among the two dominant sides of the world, resultantly leading in much prosperous and peaceful world order. 

First Principles Studies of Two Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides and Mxenes With Tailored Properties

In this thesis, we employ Density Functional Theory to gain a comprehensive insight in the physical properties (structural, vibrational, optoelectronic, photocatalytic) of MXenes, two dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and their heterostructure, aiming at extending their applicability. In MXenes, Ti2CO2, Zr2CO2, and Hf2CO2 are found to be indirect band gap semiconductors with a band gap of 0.85 eV, 1.62 eV and 1.72 eV respectively. Transition from an indirect to a direct band gap has been achieved for the biaxial tensile strain of 3% for Ti2CO2, 8% for Zr2CO2, and 13% for Hf2CO2 while the nature of the band gap remained indirect in the case of the compressive strain. The size of the band gap passed through a maximum under tensile strain and decreased monotonically under compressive strain. Analysis of Bader charge distribution show that the tensile strain decreased the transfer of charge from the Ti, Zr, and Hf atoms to the C atom. Phonon spectra exhibit that these systems are stable under a wide range of strains from compression to tension. The photocatalytic properties shows that unstrained and biaxial tensile strained Ti2CO2, Zr2CO2, and Hf2CO2 systems can be used to oxidize H2O into O2. In 2D TMDCs, MoS2, MoSe2 and MoTe2 are found to be direct band gap semiconductors. Compressive strain of 1.5% for MoS2, 1% for MoSe2, and 1.5% for MoTe2, transform their band gaps from direct to indirect. A remarkable valence band splitting and mobility of electron are also calculated and found to vary under strain. Photocatalytic properties show that unstrained and respective strained MoS2 and MoSe2 systems can oxidize H2O to O2, while MoTe2 fail to oxidize. Furthermore phonon spectra dictate that these systems are stable under both compressive and tensile strains. Mo2CO2/W2CO2 and Mo2CF2/W2CO2 out-of-plane heterostructures and their corresponding monolayers are found to be dynamically stable. Mo2CO2 and W2CO2 exhibiting the properties of two dimensional large band gap topological insulator, while Mo2CF2 and W2CF2 are metals. Topological behavior of Mo2CO2 and W2CO2 monolayers remain in Mo2CO2/W2CO2 (semiconductor-semiconductor) van der Waals heterostructure having type-II band alignment. Metal-semiconductor (Mo2CF2/W2CO2) heterostructure generating n-type Schottky contact with barrier height of 0.29 eV, due to dipole interface induced by charge rearrangement. Large absorption in visible region is observed in the Mo2CO2 than W2CO2, where blue shift is noticed in the excitonic peaks of later. A further blue shift is observed in the W2CO2/Mo2CO2, especially the part contributed by Mo2CO2.
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