جناب سید حسام الدین راشدی
شروع اپریل میں پاکستان ریڈیو سے یہ خبر نشر ہوئی کہ جناب سید حسام الدین راشدی اﷲ کو پیارے ہوئے، یہ خبر راقمِ حروف کے لئے بڑی جانکاہ تھی۔
وہ دارالمصنفین کے بڑے قدردان اور پرستار رہے، انھوں نے اتنی کتابیں لکھیں کہ ان کا شمار کرنا آسان نہیں، مگر کہتے کہ خدا کی قسم میں نے دارالمصنفین کی کتابوں ہی سے لکھنا سیکھا، وہ علامہ شبلیؒ اور مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ کے بڑے مداح تھے، دارالمصنفین سے جو بھی کتاب شائع ہوتی اس کو ضرور منگواتے اور اپنی الماری میں نمایاں جگہ دیتے اس ادارے سے غیر معمولی محبت کی وجہ سے ۱۹۴۷ء کے بعد کراچی میں اس کے لئے زمین کا ایک بڑا پلاٹ خرید لیا تھا کہ وہ اس کو وہاں منتقل کرالیں، لیکن یہ وہاں کیوں منتقل ہوتا، آخر میں وہ برابر کہتے رہتے کہ یہ ہندوستان ہی میں رہ کر بہتر کام کرسکتا ہے، اور اس کو اسی سرزمین میں رہنا چاہئے جہاں قائم ہوا ہے، تقسیم ہند کے بعد پاکستان کے ناشرین نے اس ادارہ کی مطبوعات کو چھاپ کر جو نقصان پہنچایا، اس سے وہ بہت رنجیدہ رہے، ان کے خلاف قانونی کاروائی کے لئے ایک کمیٹی بنائی، جب یہ موثر نہ ہوسکی تو وہاں کے تمام انگریزی اور اردو کے اہم اخبارات میں مضامین لکھے کہ حکومت پاکستان اس ادارہ کی مطبوعات کا حق طباعت و اشاعت خرید کر اس کو گراں قدر معاوضہ دے، یہ اخباری مہم ایسی مفید ثابت ہوئی کہ اس خاکسار کو حکومت پاکستان نے اسلام آباد بلایا اور ایک طویل مدت کی دفتری کاروائی کے بعد پندرہ لاکھ روپے دارالمصنفین کو دے کر اس کی مطبوعات کا حق طباعت و اشاعت اپنے ایک ادارہ نیشنل بک فاؤنڈیشن کے سپرد کردیا۔
اس کے لیے دارالمصنفین زیادہ تر جناب سید حسام...
The Gulf Wars, fought in 1991 and 2003 respectively, are inter-related with each other. These wars reshaped and totally changed the Geo-Political structure of the Middle East. Apparently, the Geo-Political importance of the Middle East has remained universal truth from the very first day of human being. In that regard, it has always remained like it in the eyes of world powers such as Romans, Greeks, Sassanid, Ottomans, UK, Russia and America. Chronically, US increased interference in the Middle East soon after the World War II (1945). Eventually, Saddam Hussain was Pro-Socialist and disliked American interference in the Middle East; that was why, US started to overthrow Saddam Hussain’s regime and control the Middle East oil resources. Due to that, the United States trapped Saddam Hussain into Iran-Iraq War for more than eight years, which became futile and fatal for both countries. Mercilessly, the United States trapped Saddam Hussain once again into devastative War between Iraq and Kuwait in 1990. After that, accusing Saddam of violating International Law, the US found reason to invade Iraq directly, which is known as the Gulf War I (1991). Awfully, Iraq was kept in war for than a decade. When the US failed to overthrow Saddam regime after devastative and savage attacks, she got passed resolutions from the United Nations to impose economic sanctions on Iraq due to allegation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs). Valiantly, innocent Iraqis endeavored economic sanctions for more than a decade. After the inspection of world experts’ teams, they could find neither any sign of WMDs nor any stockpile of WMDs. Apart from that, the US led Coalition invaded Iraq in March 2003, massacre millions of people, collapsed its economy and ruined its infrastructure.
Genetic studies provide an opportunity to discover the basis of inherited diseases. Identification of new disease-causing variants provides important insights into the molecular genetic basis of an inherited disease. Once the genetic cause of a disorder is established, diagnostic testing may be performed to provide affected families the chance of early diagnosis and treatment intervention, support may be provided via premarital or prenatal counseling, and educational benefits may be provided regarding the causes and nature of the inherited disease. Nystagmus, characterized by abnormal eye movement can be non-syndromic or syndromic (associated most commonly with albinism and OCA). Most commonly observed form of eyes movement is horizontal (to-and-fro), but some other like vertical, rotary, jerk and pendular have also been reported. Idiopathic congenital nystagmus (ICN) refers to a group of abnormal eye movements which can be observed within the first 6 months after birth (early infancy). The worldwide Frequency of nystagmus is unknown but one study revealed 1in 1,500 live births. There is no report available about its prevalence in the Pakistani population. This study involves the genetic investigation of nystagmus and associated syndromes in selected families from different regions of Pakistan. During this work, six (6) novel mutations were uncovered in four genes, associated with non-syndromic (FRMD7) and syndromic (TYR, OCA2, and CNGA3) nystagmus. These mutations are one novel nonsense mutation p.leu133* in the FRMD7 gene in a family (Family-01) with congenital nystagmus, a novel missense mutation p.Trp80Cys in the first coding exon of TYR in two families (Family-02 and 03), two novel heterozygous OCA2 gene mutations p.Arg588Trp and p.Arg137Ilefs*83 in two families (Family-05 & and 06) and a novel missense mutation c.1540G>A (p.D514N) in family-08 along with one reported TYR mutation, three OCA2 heterozygous and one CNGA3 mutation in different families (Family04, Family-07, and Family-09).In order to establish the pathogenic potential of the described variants, different in-silico analyses were performed. Further, normal and mutated protein structures were predicted by expand current knowledge of the molecular causes of nystagmus and associated clinical conditions. More in-depth investigation of the disease mechanisms underlying these conditions may, in turn, translate into providing treatment therapies for affected families in near future.