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سیدمحفوظ علی بدایونی

سیّد محفوظ علی بدایونی مرحوم
اسی مہینہ میں ۲۰؍ اکتوبر کو ایک اور پرانے ادیب سید محفوظ علی صاحب بدایونی مرحوم نے فالج کے مرض میں انتقال کیا، مرحوم بدایوں کے ایک قدیم اور شریف خانوادہ کی یادگار علیگڑھ کالج کے ممتاز تعلیم یافتہ اپنے دور کے نامور ادیب اور علی گڑھ منتھلی، اولڈ بوائے، دکن ریویو، نقیب اور ہمدرد کے دور اول کے ممتاز لکھنے والوں میں تھے اور اس زمانہ میں ان کے مضامین بڑے ذوق و شوق سے پڑھے جاتے تھے، وہ سنجیدہ اور ظریفانہ دونوں طرز کے شگفتہ نگار ادیب تھے، غالباً متفرق مضامین کے علاوہ کوئی مستقل قلمی یادگار نہیں چھوڑی، ادھر برسوں سے علم و ادب کا کوچہ چھوڑ کر خلوت گزینی کی زندگی اختیار کرلی تھی، وہ ابتداء سے بڑے دیندار اوظاہری وضع و قطع میں بھی پابند شریعت تھے، ناواقف شخص ان کو دیکھ کر انگریزی تعلیم یافتہ ہونے کا گمان بھی نہیں کرسکتا تھا اور یہ رنگ برابر گہرا ہوتا گیا، آخر میں بڑا ذوق و شوق اور بڑی کیفیت پیدا ہوگئی تھی اور اسی پر ان کا خاتمہ ہوا، اﷲ تعالیٰ اس طالب آخرت کو اپنی رحمت و مغفرت سے سرفراز فرمائے، ہماری پرانی بزم ادب کی شمعیں ایک ایک کرکے بجھتی جاتی ہیں، جو باقی ہیں وہ بھی شمع سحر ہیں اور جب تک ہیں غنیمت ہیں، ان کے بعد یہ روشنی بھی نظر نہ آئے گی۔
مرحوم مولانا شبلی مرحوم کے زمانہ میں علی گڑھ میں پڑھتے تھے، اس نسبت سے ان کو میرے ساتھ بھی یک گونہ محبت سی تھی اور خصوصیت کی ملاقات مرحوم دوست مولانا عبدالماجد صاحب بدایونی کی وساطت سے ہوئی اور ایسی ہوئی جو ان کے اخیر لمحہ تک قائم رہی، وہ اپنے مذہبی انقلاب کا ایک عجیب ظریفانہ واقعہ بیان فرماتے تھے۔
ایک دفعہ گرمیوں میں وہ علی گڑھ...

Thermostable Vaccines: Past, Present and Future Perspectives Thermostable Vaccines

Vaccines stability has a major role in the success of immunization programs and saves millions of lives every year. To stabilize vaccines cold chains are developed for storage and transport, as efficiency of vaccines is hampered if they are not kept under proper temperature. Aluminum is used for making vaccine thermostable. The development of vaccine formulation is a critical part of overall development cycle of approving, testing and producing new vaccines. However, Liquid vaccine formulation is still preferred over dry formulation because of ease in using, packaging and manufacturing. Other approaches have been used to make vaccine thermostable. This study demonstrates those processes, used to develop thermo-sensitive vaccines into thermostable vaccine and also describes vaccine formulation designing and use of heat shock protein including mHSP70 and mHSP65 to generate innate and adaptive immune response.

Study of Effective Virtual Project Management Through Emotional Intelligence, Empowerment and Leadership Style in Partly and Truly Global Projects

Increasing globalization of organizations and proliferation of new technologies have made multi-cultural virtual teams not only a reality but important also. Global virtual team members rarely meet face-to-face and thus deal with challenges which not associated with traditional collocated teams (Lipnack & Stamps, 1997). These challenges faced by virtual project team members form the basis for the first phase of research. The research was conducted in three phases. Initially, in phase one of the research, important behavioral contributors to virtual project management were identified from the literature. The researcher gathered these contributing factors within a framework named the “Factor Reinforcing Model®”. This model was empirically tested through statistical method, against data on the relevant variables, obtained from a survey of fourteen software houses in Pakistan. Findings from the model conclude that several contributing factors of virtual project management (VPM), namely, communication, motivation, information security, trust building etc reinforce each other to lead to effective virtual project management. In the second phase of the thesis, the researcher conceptualized that Emotional Intelligence (EI) plays a very decisive role in the performance of managers even in a VPM environment. She tested the proposition that there is an overlapping relationship between the factors contributing to effective virtual project management and the competencies of emotional intelligence. Findings highlight that emotional intelligence together with soft skills and intelligence help in uplifting motivation, reducing cultural barriers, resolving conflict, building teamwork and collaboration and enhancing communication among professional project team members. Thus research findings establish that EI helps project managers to cope with the challenges of VPM through self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management. In phase three of the research, the researcher analyzed the preferred leadership behaviour for effective project management. Leadership behavior is measured by concern for tasks and ivconcern for people in partly and truly global projects. Factors based on leadership behaviour were identified like participative decision making, open communication, conflict management, delegation of power, task monitoring, time management, coaching, and team work and a model for effective project management was proposed in leadership context. In addition to above, in the third phase, the relationship of social intelligence and leadership style in partly and truly global virtual projects was also analyzed. Results showed that social awareness and relationship management were positively related to concern for task and concern for people and was higher in truly global than partly global virtual projects. A model of effective virtual project management was proposed from research findings regarding SI. The relationship between empowerment climate and leadership style and customer service as a measure of effective project management was also analyzed in projects with varying degree of virtuality. Initially the researcher compared the empowerment environment among more and less virtual projects. Then she examined the moderating effects of degree of virtuality on the relationship between empowerment climate and leadership style. The findings of this research suggest that high empowerment climate and concern for people are highly demanded by truly virtual projects than partly virtual projects. A model of effective virtual project management was proposed with respect to empowerment climate, leadership style (concern for people) and customer service. Moreover, it was found that virtuality moderates the relationship between empowerment climate and concern for people. The findings of this research have significant implications for leadership skills and behaviours at partly global and truly global project management workplaces.
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