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پنڈت آنند نرائن ملا

پنڈت آنند نرائن ملا
۱۲؍ جون کو اردو تحریک کے قائد پنڈت آنند نرائن ملا چل بسے، وہ ۱۹۰۱؁ء میں لکھنؤ میں پیدا ہوئے تھے، جہاں ان کے والد پنڈت جگت نرائن ملا چوٹی کے وکیل تھے، آنند نرائن ملا بھی تعلیم سے فارغ ہوکر وکالت کے پیشے سے وابستہ ہوئے، پھر الٰہ آباد ہائی کورٹ کے جج اور سینئر جسٹس ہوئے، ۱۹۶۱؁ء میں ریٹائر ہوئے تو سپریم کورٹ میں وکالت شروع کی، لوک سبھا اور راجیہ سبھا کے ممبر بھی منتخب ہوئے لیکن ان کی اصل وجہ شہرت و امتیاز کا باعث یہ ہے کہ وہ اردو کے ایک بڑے شاعر، نقاد، ادیب، سیکولر، انسان دوست اور گنگا جمنی تہذیب کا نمونہ تھے، اردو کی محبت ان کے رگ و پے میں رچی بسی ہوئی تھی اور وہ اس کے اپنی مادری زبان ہونے پر فخر کرتے تھے اور کہتے تھے کہ ’’میں مذہب چھوڑ سکتا ہوں لیکن مادری زبان نہیں چھوڑ سکتا‘‘۔
ان کا شعر ہے:
آتجھ کو گلے لگا کے مٹتی اردو
اک آخری گیت گا لیں تو چلیں
منظوم تصنیفات کے علاوہ بعض نثری تصنیفات بھی یادگار ہیں نظم وغزل دونوں پر قدرت تھی، روایت کی پاسداری کے باوجود کلام میں فرسودگی نہیں۔ مشاعرہ کے شاعر نہ تھے مگر اس میں شرکت کرتے تھے۔ دارالمصنفین کی گولڈن جبلی کے مشاعرہ کی صدارت کی تھی۔ اب غیر مسلموں میں اردو کے ایسے عالم، دانشور اور اس سے گہرا لگاؤ رکھنے والے عنقا ہورہے ہیں اس اعتبار سے ان کی وفات اردو کا واقعی ناقابل تلافی نقصان ہے۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، جولائی ۱۹۹۷ء)

 

ریاست قلات میں نظام قضاء کا تحقیقی جائزہ

In Islam the system of Judiciary halds an immense importance the judiciary after faith is counted as an important obligation amongst all other obligations and is eminent and virtous amongst all outs of worships. The virue of judiciary is mentioned at hundreds of places in the Quran and in the Ahadiths. The Progression of the system of judiciary has been hard from the begning of the prophet hood, during the Rashidun ealiphale and is promulgated till tody. Before the existence of Pakistan there were many states amongst which one was the state of Kalat. Where the Baloch Government was setup in 1530 Meer Ahmed Yar Khan was elected as the Khan of Kalat. Who at the very Beginning laid the foundation of the system of judiciary? The details about this would be discussed in the article ahead. The Government of Balochs was set up in Kalat the foundation of system of judiciary here was first of all laid by Mir Ahmed Yar Khan. First of all juges were appointed in every district.

Identification of Differetially Expressed Proteins in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Oscc Through Proteomic Analysis

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy in head and neck region with an occurrence rate of 500,000 per year. Higher incidence and mortality rates have been observed in south-east Asia including Pakistan. The common sub-site found in Pakistani population and other physiological variations are strongly linked with the increasing use of smokeless tobaccos (SLTs). Early diagnosis plays a key role in treatment and monitoring of any cancer. Histopathology is the only diagnostic method recommended for OSCC which is not very effective for early stage diagnosis. Thus, biomarker studies have been conducted all around the world using proteomics techniques in search of potential candidate diagnostic biomarkers. In current study, we have performed comparative proteomic analysis using buccal mucosa OSCC tissue samples and their adjacent normal mucosa. The samples were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and differentially expressed spots were selected for Mass spectrometric analysis. We have identified seventeen proteins that were consistently differentially expressed among most of the samples analyzed. The differentially expressed proteins that have been uniquely identified in this study include Serum albumin (ALBU), Ig Kappa chain C region (IGKC), and Isoform 2 of fructose bisphosphate aldolase A (ALDOA). We suggest that further research would be required to investigate their role in carcinogenesis and whether any of these could serve as potential biomarker. The significantly altered expression of Calreticulin (CALR), Heat shock protein beta 1 (HSPB1), Heat shock protein 70 (HSC70), Cytokeratin-8 (KRT8), Cytokeratin-16 (KRT16), Cytokeratin-14 (KRT14), Cytokeratin-17 (KRT17), and 14-3-3σ/Stratifin (SFN) found in our study strongly supported the earlier reported results. We also performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) to confirm the higher expression of SFN as potential biomarker. SFN plays an important role in p53 apoptotic regulation and therefore findings of our study reveal and suggest it as a potential candidate biomarker in Pakistani population. XII Considering the association of oxidative stress with cancer progression, we also studied markers of oxidative stress in OSCC including Paraoxonase1 (PON1), Reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Malondialdehyde (MDA). We found significant relationship among oxidative stress indicators, particularly PON1 with OSCC suggesting PON1 as predictive marker.
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