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شری لال بہادر شاستری

لال بہادر شاستری
پنڈت جواہر لال نہرو کا غم ابھی فراموش نہ ہوا تھا کہ ملک نے ایک اور لعل بے بہا کھودیا، شری لال بہادر شاستری کی موت ہندوستان کا عظیم ترین حادثہ ہے۔ ان کی موت سے ہندوستان ایک ایسے فرزند سے محروم ہوگیا جس کی تلافی مدتوں نہ ہوسکے گی، انھوں نے ملک و قوم کی خاطر غریب الوطنی میں جان دی اور مرنے سے پہلے ایک ایسا کارنامہ انجام دے گئے جو ہند و پاک کی تاریخ میں یادگار رہے گا، مگر افسوس کہ اس کے خوشگوار نتائج اپنی آنکھوں سے نہ دیکھ سکے، پنڈت جواہر لال نہرو کی زندگی ہی میں یہ سوال پیدا ہوگیا تھا کہ ان کے بعد کوئی ایسی شخصیت نظر نہیں آتی جو وزارت عظمیٰ کے بارگراں کو سنبھال سکے، لیکن شاستری جی نے اٹھارہ مہینہ کی مختصر مدت میں یہ ثابت کردیا کہ وہ پنڈت جی کے صحیح جانشین تھے۔ اس قلیل مدت میں بڑے پیچیدہ اور نازک معاملات پیش آئے، لیکن شاستری جی نے اپنے فہم و تدبر اور ہمت و پامردی سے ان کا پورا مقابلہ کیا، معاہدہ تاشقند تو ان کے اور جنرل ایوب کے تدبر کا شاہکار ہے، گو اس سے سب مختلف فیہ مسائل حل نہیں ہوگئے، لیکن ہندوستان اور پاکستان کی ہلاکت خیز جنگ کا خاتمہ ہوگیا، اور صلح و مسالمت کی ایسی فضا پیدا ہوگئی ہے کہ اگر فریقین نے ہوشمندی سے کام لیا تو ہندوستان و پاکستان کے درمیان مصالحت اور دوستی کا خوشگوار دور شروع ہوسکتا ہے۔
شاستری جی بڑے ٹھنڈے دل و دماغ کے اور طبعاً نرم مزاج، صلح جو اور امن پسند انسان تھے، لیکن سختی کے موقع پر سخت اور ہمت و استقلال کا پیکر بن جاتے تھے، انھوں ے اپنی سلامت روی اور ہوشمندی سے ملک کو بڑے نازک حالات سے نکالا، افسوس ہے...

Historical Contribution of Islamic Waqf in Human Capital Development Through Funding Education

Islam being a complete code of life encompasses all aspects of a person’s personal and social life. Islam considers those as Muslims who submit to the will of Allah Almighty in all aspects of life. Islam is not merely a matter of private life and its worship system is not restricted only to a set of rituals, but has pervasive social consequences and develops a strong sense of moral society based on system of rules around center of universal concept of justice. Therefore, Islam proposed institutions with relation to justice, governance, cooperation and solidarity for achieving high economic growth and development. Achievement of development and growth of economy is fast in a society or country if it has developed human capital (human resource). Human capital is developed when education is imparted and facilities of health and sound life are provided to human beings. According to Islamic principles, if human beings cannot afford proper education in the society (or other facilities such as health care) then those who are well off endow their properties in Zakat, Awqaf (plural of waqf) and Charities for their better development and nourishment. These properties when endowed as Awqaf are deployed for propagation of education (knowledge, skills, training etc.) by establishing Madrassas (schools, maktabs, colleges, universities etc.) libraries, translating books, and conducting research. In Islamic society there were many Awqaf founded for establishing Madrassas. This paper is dedicated to discuss the development of human capital through education funded by Islamic Awqaf by reviewing literature.

The Use of Ict in Social Studies Classroom: the Pakistani Context

The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a teaching tool in developing countries is still a new strategy for most of the teachers in this context. This study was conducted with an aim of finding out how teachers in developing countries use ICT as a teaching tool. The study will help teachers and teacher educators to better understand how the use of technology (ICT) in the classroom can help to enhance the teaching of social studies in schools. A case study approach was used to study one teacher of Social Studies who teaches lower-secondary school. The study investigated typical ICT resources used by the teacher in teaching the subject; how and in which ways the teacher used ICT in teaching Social Studies and the factors that influenced the teacher's decision about the selection of learning activities and resources. After the analysis of data, it was found that the teacher used ICT as a source of information for herself and her students. It was also found that teacher's use of ICT as a simulation tool was instrumental for enabling students to visualize abstract concepts and aid better understanding. The study also found that the teacher's use of ICT was primarily motivated by the capacity of ICT resources to motivate students during the learning process; thus, providing relevance of the ICT resources to the topic of study. It was evident that the teacher believes that the use of ICT in today's world has become a necessity rather than a choice. The study further indicated that teacher's beliefs about teaching and learning play an important role in the use and selection of ICT materials. It was evident that the teacher's exposure to new concepts about learning influence the teacher's use of ICT. It was, however, further found that much of the use of ICT by the teacher was dominated by the use of CDROMs and internet to achieve conceptual understanding. Less evidence suggested the achievement of higher order and critical- thinking skills.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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