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بھٹو شہید پارک

بھٹو شہید پارک

جناح پارک راولپنڈی کا نام بھٹو شہید پارک رکھا جائے ۔بھٹو شہید پارک جی ہاں جس کانام اس بدبخت نے جناح پارک میں تبدیل کر دیا تھا ۔اڈیالہ جیل بنانے کا مقصد ہی یہی تھا کہ انہیں اندازہ تھا کہ اگر پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کی حکومت آتی ہے تو وہ لازمی اس جگہ پر یاد گار بنائیں گے ۔ جہاں چیئر مین بھٹو شہید کو پھانسی دی گئی ۔پنجاب حکومت نے سب سے پہلے تو یہاں پرانی جیل گرا کر ہائوسنگ سکیم کا اعلان کیا یہ راولپنڈی کا مہنگا ترین علاقہ تھا ۔پلاٹ بنا کر نیلام کیے گئے ۔پھانسی گھاٹ والی جگہ بھی پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کی رہنما آمنہ پراچہ نے سب سے زیادہ قیمت دے کر خرید لی تھی ۔پی پی پی کی حکومت آئی تو وہاں ہائو سنگ سکیم ختم کر کے بھٹو شہید پارک بنا دیا گیا۔وہاں ایک کوٹھڑی بھی تعمیر کی گئی تھی مجھے نہیں معلوم وہ موجود ہے یا ختم کر دی گئی ہے ۔پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی حکومت کا تختہ الٹنے کے بعد نواز شریف پارک تو نہ ختم کر سکا مگر نام تبدیل کر گیا۔میں نے اس وقت اخباری بیانات کے ذریعے باقاعدہ مہم چلائی تھی ۔پھر میں ہانگ کانگ کینیڈا چلا آ یا ۔آج جب یہ وڈیو دیکھی تو زخم تازہ ہو گئے کہ نواز شریف نے بھٹو شہید پارک کا نام تبدیل کیا تھا ۔ویسے یہ تقریر سنو تو کتنی رعونت تھی اس کے لہجے میں۔محترمہ بے نظیر بھٹو شہید اور آصف علی زرداری کے دل کتنے بڑے تھے کہ اس کے باوجود اس سے میثاق جمہوریت کیا بات اور طرف نکل جائے گی ۔کارکنان سے گزارش ہے کہ وہ بھٹو شہید پارک نام واپس کر نے کی فی الحال کم از کم سوشل میڈیا پر مہم چلائیں ۔ کیونکہ یہ پھانسی گھاٹ...

مكاتیب رسول اور عربی خط نویسی

Islam has borne a deep and lasting impact on all aspects of human life. Inevitably language, which is a crucial factor in the build-up of society, has also been re-vitalized and re-invigorated by Islam. It was Arabia where Islam dawned its early rays, hence it is the Arabic language that got evolved under the revolutionary spirit of Islam. This deep impact has been caused through the two basic sources of Islam i. e. Quran and Hadith. Since our focus is Hadith, hence we shall talk on the impact of Hadith on the Arabic language. Hadith has a lasting influence on the Arabic language, its literature, and the various genres of the Arabic literature. The topmost among these diverse genres that dramatically evolved under the impact of Islam is 'letter writing'. The genre of letter writing has been passing through its evolutionary stages before the Prophet-hood of Muhammad (S. A. W) . Yet the clarity and style that it adopted; the purposefulness that it aspired and opted for; and its utility as an important official correspondence document all happened in the hands of our Holy Prophet (S. A. W) . In short, it turned into a regular genre of literature. Letter-writing owes deeply to the life infusing spirit of our Holy Prophet (S. A. W) for its lay-out and design, its aim and purpose, and basic features. Our Holy Prophet (S. A. W) left a lasting impact on the letter writing that shall always be a source of inspiration for the faithful.

Pharmacological Rationale for the Use of Aegle Marmelos. L and Pyrus Cydonia. L in Cardiovascular Disorders

The crude extracts, fractions and isolated marmelosin were investigated to rationalize the therapeutic potentials in cardiovascular disorders. Heart and aorta were isolated from Wistar rat for working and Langendorff’s heart and aortic ring preparations. Preliminarily, Langendorff’s heart determined the following studies. Firstly, working heart was performed at fixed preload of 15 cmH2O and afterload of 80 cmH2O. Secondly, variable preload 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 cmH2O was employed, whereas, afterload was fixed at 80 cmH2O. In Ca++ paradox; Ca++ free KH perfused the heart, afterwards, firstly normal KH, secondly normal KH plus Am.Cr and thirdly Ca++ free KH plus Am.Cr and normal KH plus Am.Cr. In Langendorff’s heart Am.Cr and Pc.Cr increased the left ventricle (LVP) and systolic pressures (SP). This determined the path to study in more detail. Am.Cr; exhibited biphasic effect on dP/dt(max) dose-dependently in working heart. Am.Cr increased the AoF and EF dose-dependently. Am.Cr increased the dP/dt(min), DP and EDP. The SV and CP were increased at higher doses. CE was decreased while SP, PASP and RPP were unaffected. In aorta Am.Cr inhibited PE and high K+-induced contractions in both +veEnd and -veEnd, showing VDCCs and ROCCs blocking effect and release of Ca++ from sarcoplasmic reticulum.Am.Cr shifted the Ca++CRCs to the left at lower and to the right at higher doses showing agonists and antagonistic effect on Ca++ channels. At variable preload the heart was pretreated by 3.0, 30.0 and 100 mg/mL of Am.Cr. The AoF, LVP and CVR were increased by acute preload reduction that followed by load-dependent increase. The CE was decreased dose- and load-dependently. The dP/dt(max) and HR were decreased, whereas dP/dt (min) showed dose- and load-dependent increase. The CO increased variably while PASP and MW were unaffected. In calcium paradox experiments; Ca++ free perfusion decreased the contractility whereas, Am.Cr increased the contractility whether it was added in Ca++ free or normal KH solution at various series of experiments. Aq.Fr.Cr decreased the dP/dt(max) and RPP significantly in working heart. It increased AoF, DP, CO and CP. The dP/dt(min) was reduced.Aq.Fr.Cr caused dose-dependent minimal reduction in CE. The EDP, SP, PASP, EF and SV were unaffected. Aq.Fr.Cr induced dose-dependent relaxation of PE- and high K+-induced contractions in +veEnd aortic rings. In -veEnd rings; it inhibits PE-induced contraction only, whereas in high K+-induced contraction Aq.Fr.Cr failed to relax. The cumulative addition to the L-NAME pre-incubated and PE pre-contracted +veEnd rings did not show relaxation. This explains endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation through NO/cGMP pathway. At variable preloads; pretreatment ofthe heart with 1.0, 10.0 and 30.0 mg/ml of Aq.Fr.Cr; increased the AoF, LVP and CVR by acute preload reduction while preload increment caused load-dependent increase. The dP/dt(max) and HR were decreased by acute preload reduction and was not affected by preload increase. The dP/dt(min) was decreased by acute preload reduction while increasing preload caused load-dependent increase. CE was decreased at all changes in preload. The PASP, MW and CO were minimally affected during preload changes. But.Fr.Cr increased dP/dt(max), dP/dt(min), AoF, SP, CP and CO in working heart. The PASP, EF, SV and RPP were decreased. CE was decreased significantly and dose-dependently. In aorta; But.Fr.Cr induced inhibitory effect in both +veEnd and -veEnd ring pre-contracted by PE and high K+. This shows blockade of ROCCs, VDCCs and release of Ca++ from sarcoplasmic reticulum. But.Fr.Cr at lower concentrations caused leftward and at higher concentrations rightward shift of Ca++ CRCs showing calcium channel agonists and antagonistic activities. At variable preload; the heart was pretreated by 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/mL of But.Fr.Cr. The AoF, LVP and CVR were increased by acute preload reduction and continued by increasing preload. The dP/dt(max) and dP/dt(min) were decreased by preload reduction and not affected by increasing preload. HR was decreased by acute preload reduction and continued during increase in preload. The PASP, MW and CE were decreased at all preloads. The CO was less affected. ISD Marm increased the AoF, CO and CP in working heart. The dP/dt(max) was decreased minimally while dP/dt(min) and HR were decreased significantly at higher doses. CE decreased dose-dependently. The SP, DP, PASP, EDP, EF and RPP were not affected. STD Marm reduced the CE and increased the AoF, CO, CP, SV and EF comparatively more than ISD Marm. The dP/dt(max), dP/dt(min), HR, SP, DP, EDP and RPP were reduced whereas SV was not affected. In aorta; STD Marm induced dose-dependent relaxation in both +veEnd and -veEnd PE precontracted rings. This was significant at higher doses in +veEnd rings. Whereas in high K+ precontracted +veEnd and -veEnd rings it showed insignificant effect. The cumulative addition to L-NAME pre-incubated and PE pre-contracted +veEnd rings it showed partial but significant dose-dependent relaxation. At variable preloads; pretreatment of the heart by 1µM, 10 µM and 100 µM of ISD Marm; increased the AoF, LVP and CVR by acute preload reduction while preload escalation showed load-dependent increase. The CO and MW were increased by acute preload reduction, whereas preload increment led to attenuation of CO and MW. The dP/dt(max), dP/dt(min), HR, CE and PASP were decreased by acute preload reduction and continued during preload increment. Thus, this study may rationalize the therapeutic potential of A.marmelos and P.cydonia possesses cardiotonic effect. The crude extract of A.marmelos, its fractions and isolated marmelosin exhibited numerous effects on the heart and aortic muscle mediating through multiple pathways that pointed out that though crude extract showed most of the activities, but it appears as no single compound can be a true representative of the plant. Because, it constitutes multiple compounds with different properties which can be exploited for various therapeutic purposes. Further studies would establish the clinical significance of A.marmelos in the management of cardiovascular disorders and promising chemical agent may be identified.
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