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خالد مسعود

آہ جناب خالد مسعود!!
یہ خبر علمی و دینی خصوصاً ترجمان القرآن مولانا حمید الدین فراہیؒ کے قدردانوں اور ان کے علوم و افکار کے شیدائیوں کے لیے بڑی غم ناک اور روح فرسا ہے کہ یکم اکتوبر ۲۰۰۳؁ء کو رسالہ تدبر لاہور کے مدیر جناب خالد مسعود صاحب کا انتقال ہوگیا، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
وہ مولانا امین احسن اصلاحی کے شاگرد رشید اور علمی وارث و جانشین تھے، انہوں نے اپنی زندگی فکر فراہی کی شرح و ترجمانی اور اس کی ترویج و اشاعت کے لیے وقف کردی تھی، ان کی وفات سے ہم قرآن و حدیث کے ایک بڑے خدمت گزار سے محروم ہوگئے۔
مرحوم کو جگر کی بیماری تھی، خون کی رگ بار بار پھٹ جاتی تھی اور خون کی قے ہونے لگتی تھی، آخر اس بیماری نے ان کا کام تمام کردیا۔
خالد مسعود صاحب ضلع جہلم کے ایک گاؤں ’’ﷲ‘‘ ۱۶؍ دسمبر ۱۹۳۵؁ء کو پیدا ہوئے، یہیں ابتدائی تعلیم حاصل کی اور ۱۹۵۱؁ء میں نوشہرہ سے فرسٹ ڈویژن میں میٹرک اور ۱۹۵۵؁ء میں اسلامیہ کالج لاہور سے فرسٹ ڈویژن میں بی۔ایس۔سی کیا، ۱۹۵۷؁ء میں پنجاب یونیورسٹی سے کیمسٹری میں ایم۔ایس۔سی کیا، ۱۹۵۸؁ء میں انڈسٹریل ریسرچ لیبارٹریز سے وابستہ ہوئے پھر مزید تعلیم کے لندن گئے اور ۱۹۵۹؁ء میں وہاں کے کنگز کالج سے کیمیکل انجینئرنگ میں ڈپلوما حاصل کیا، واپسی کے بعد ۱۹۷۴؁ء میں پنجاب یونیورسٹی سے علوم اسلامیہ میں ایم۔اے کیا، ۱۹۸۵؁ء میں قائداعظم لائبریری میں ملازمت کی، اس ے وابستگی کے زمانے میں بچوں کے لیے آسان زبان میں متعدد مفید اور معلوماتی کتابیں تحریر کیں، جو بہت مقبول ہوئیں اور بعض پر ان کو ایوارڈ بھی ملا، گو ان کتابوں میں فلکی طبعیات کی جدید ترین تحقیقات کے نتائج اور کائنات کے بارے میں نئے افکار و نظریات پیش کیے گئے ہیں تاہم اسلامی نقطہ نظر کو اوجھل...

سند قانون : فقہائے اسلام اور مغربى مفکرین کى آراء کا تحقیقى وتنقیدى جائزہ

It is generally agreed that every legal system claims authority, however, the notion of authority is one of the most controversial concepts found in western legal philosophy. There are various distinct problems involved in the notion of authority and the problem of its paradoxes. The first section of the present paper introduces the viewpoints of various western schools of thought and the philosophical analysis of the concept of legitimate authority. The conflict about the concept of legitimate authority reflects their code of life and concept of religions. The second section of the paper presents a study of the origins of the Islamic law as well as the contemporary western legal thoughts in connection with authority. In Islamic law authority-which is at once religious and moral is the will of the Creator which is basic source of Islamic law, however, jurists differentiate between legal and moral values. It concludes with the comparison between Islamic and western notion of authority.

Daily Stressors, Coping Strategies and Adjustment of Adolescents

This study was initiated to identify the daily stressors, coping strategies and adjustment of adolescents. It was a two phased study. In Phase I, a pilot study was conducted on thirty two adolescents who were between 14 to 18 years of age, to establish the applicability of the instruments to be used for the final study and also to have a preliminary sense of the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the research. In Phase II, two studies were conducted. In Study A, Situational COPE (Carver & Scheier, 1982), was used to identify daily stressors and coping strategies. Perceived Self Efficacy Scale (Jerusalem & Schwarzer, 1979) was used as an indicator of adjustment. 435 (249 females, 186 males) school/college students participated in this study. Their age ranged between 14 and 19 years (M= 16.84). Content analysis of reported stressors revealed four major stressful domains: Academics, Interpersonal, Intra personal and Socio-environmental. Religious Coping, Planning, Positive Reinterpretation and Growth, Focus on and Venting of Emotions emerged as the most dominant coping strategies. The less opted strategies were Substance Use and Humor. Problem-Focused coping dominated over Emotion-Focused or Dysfunctional coping types. Frequency of stressors demonstrates that females were more stressed in the domains of academics and interpersonal relations and males were more stressed in socio-environmental domain. Intrapersonal stressors were reported equally by both genders. Likewise, intrapersonal stressors were less in early adolescents and high in mid adolescents; interpersonal stressors were reported equally by all age groups. Similarly, academic stressors were more pronounced in early adolescents and less in older adolescents; socio-environmental stressors, however, increased with age. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted, to see the main effects of gender on different COPE scales. Significant gender differences were found on four sub-scales: Religious Coping [F(1,434)= 3.86, p< .05], Humor [F(1,434)= 6.45, p= .05], Behavior Disengagement [F(1,434)= 5.95, p< .05], and Substance Use [F(1,434)= 4.49, p< .05]. Females scored high on Religious Coping and Behavioral Disengagement and males scored high on Humor and Substance Use. ANOVA was also computed to see age effects and significant differences were found on three COPE sub-scales. On Focus on and Venting of Emotions, adolescents in their mid years vented off their emotions more [F(2,434)= 3.35, p< .05], Denial [F(2,434)=3.45, p< .05] was more among older adolescents and Acceptance [F(2,434)= 4.34, p< .05] increased with age. The perceived Self-efficacy among adolescents was also high and it was positively correlated with Problem-focused coping. In Study B, thirty participants (15 males, 15 females), 17 to 19 years of age were studied repeatedly for six weeks. Initially Dispositional COPE (Carver & Scheier, 1982) was given to them to see their usual coping pattern. Then, diary method was used to identify their daily stressors and Situational COPE was used to assess coping. A qualitative analysis was carried out, individual patterns emerged and each pattern did not match largely with the reported dispositional style coping of those individuals, hence preference for certain coping strategies did emerge. Gender comparison was also done and both males and females exhibited coping with stressful situations in a variety of ways. Active coping, Planning, Acceptance, Religious Coping, Mental or Behavioral Disengagement, Focus on and Venting of Emotions were the most dominant coping strategies for stressors related to academics, interpersonal, intrapersonal and socio-environmental domains.
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