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المبحث السادس: بروين شاکر وفکرتها عن العشق

المبحث السادس: بروين شاکر وفکرتها عن العشق

 یوجد في أشعار بروین شاکر تجربۃ ذاتیۃ لحبھا وعشقھا، فقد کتبت بعض القصائد من تجربتھا الخاصۃ وحبھا القدیم ولکن کان لھا القدرۃ في أن تبقی السر سراً وکانت طریقۃ بیانھا مھذّبة لا تفشي أسرار حُبّھا۔

 فقد کتبت بروین قادر آغا[1] عن بدایۃ حب الشاعرۃ وعشقھا الأول۔ قد أعجبت الشاعرۃ بشاب، وکان موظفًا حکوميًا فشارکتہ في أحلامھا وآمالھا، ولکن ذلک لم یکن رغبۃ الشاب فھو کان لا یُرید الزواج منھا لأنہ کان یختلف عنھا في النسب والحسب وکان یختلف عنھا في الفرقہ الدینیۃ، بأنہ کان من أھل السّنہ والشاعرۃ کانت من أھل الشیعۃ۔ فرفض ذلک الشاب الزواج، فکان ھذا أمرٌ صعبٌ للشاعرۃ لأنھا کانت تحب ذلک الشاب، ولکن بعد فترۃ أحسّ الشاب بالندم علی ما فعل مع الشاعرۃ فرجع لھا وأراد الزواج منھا، فأحست الشاعرۃ بالفرح ولکن والدیھا لم یرضوا بذلک الشاب والزواج منہ، فأحست الشاعرۃ بالحزن مرۃً أخری وتقطّع قلبھا من الألم والیأس، وعاشت أحزانھا معھا إلی أن تکوّن عندھا قابلیۃ علی إظھار مشاعرھا وأحزانھا۔ وکتبت الشاعرۃ الکثیر من أشعارھا توضح وحدتھا وألمھا۔

 ثم جاء لھا خاطب آخر، فوافق والداھا علی زواجھا فتزوجت الشاعرۃ من نصیر علي وأنجبت منہ إبناً أسمّتہ (مراد) وعندما تزوجت الشاعرۃ أحست بالفرح ولذۃ العشق في أول أیام زواجھا، ولکن بعد مدۃ من الزمن حصلت خلافات بین بروین شاکر وزوجھا وحصل البعد بین الزوجین، فأحست الشاعرۃ بالیأس والحزن والوحدۃ وفراق الزوج فقامت الشاعرۃ بإظھار مشاعرھا وآلامھا وأحزانھا في قصائدھا بشكل صريح ۔

 

 



[1] بروین قادر آغا عمۃ الشاعرۃ تعیش في إسلام آباد، وھي أیضاً شاعرۃ رائعۃ۔

Karen Armstrong’s Works on the Life and Mission of the Last Prophet (S. A. W.): A Critique of Her Distortion of Historical Truths

Karen Armstrong is a well-known prolific writer on Christianity, Islam, and Prophet Muhammad. She appears in her writings very much objective. In her books on the Las Prophet (s. a. w.) “Muhammad: A Biography of The Prophet and “Muhammad: A Prophet for Our Times” she generally appears to be attempting, unlike many Orientalists, to creat soft image of the Last Prophet (s. a. w.) . Methodologically he works may be considered highly appreciable but from historical angle she seems to have distorted certain evidenc related to the Last Prophet (s. a. w.) . The basic reason for such lapse in her books is that she did not consult the original and basic authentic sources of Islamic history. This articl analyses where she faltered in her presentation of historica truths concerning the Last Prophet (s. a. w.) .

Modeling the Effects of Groundwater Pumping on Watertable of a Faisalabad Water Supply Scheme

The Faisalabad city, resident of 2.6 million people, has brackish groundwater in its underlying aquifer. The water and sanitary agency (WASA) of Faisalabad Development Authority (FDA) installed a cluster of 29 tubewells in 1992, each of 114 lps capacity, at Chenab River bed well field aquifer, 30 km away from Faisalabad city in the North-West direction, to supply fresh groundwater for drinking. The continuous operation of all these tubewells resulted in lowering of groundwater level, from 5 m below the ground surface in 1992 to 22 m below the ground surface in 2010, in the study area and has started threatening sustainability of the system. Whereas WASA has installed 25 more tubewells for meeting drinking water demand. This study was undertaken to ascertain the effects of such large abstraction of groundwater on the aquifer while keeping in view the future scenarios. Prior to using a computer simulation model as a management tool, it requires its proper calibration and validation. A groundwater transient model was developed using MODFLOW to study the effect of groundwater pumping on the Chenab River bed well field area. The model was calibrated using water table data from 1992 to 2005 and was validated against independent data set of 2006 to 2010. The model simulation was reasonably acceptable based on model evaluation indicators such as residual mean, root mean square error, sum of squares, coefficient of correlation and coefficient of efficiency, which were within acceptable limits. Sensitivity of the model shows that the model was more sensitive to the hydraulic conductivity. The model simulations showed that major recharge was from the Jhang Branch canal in the range of 6,511 to 8,038 m3 day km-1. The recharge contribution varied from year to year as a function of rainfall and flows in the Chenab River. Moreover, the groundwater head contour showed steep gradient in southern part of the well field. This steep gradient indicates that a steady state condition has reached and the rate of declination will be less as compare to the earlier years. The calibrated model was used to simulate the effects of existing capacity of pumping continued to 2030 and 90% of the capacity, which showed a water table declined rate of 0.6 m year-1 to 1.3 m year-1, respectively. A groundwater recharge option was also simulated by considering a constant head boundary condition of 10 km length along the left side of Chenab River, which results a decline rate of 0.45 m year-1 till 2030. The model simulation showed that sustainability of the system can be achieved only if adequate recharge sites are established to control the falling water table.
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