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۲۷۔ کشمکش

کشمکش

میں کل بہت اداس تھا

زندگی کو پیارا کر کے

تڑپتی یادوں میں بٹی محرومیوں کو دفن کیا

محرومیوں کی دھول میں اٹی

خواہشوں کو زندہ درگور کر دیا

میں آج بہت خوش ہوں

موت سے کنارہ کر کے

Benazir Bhutto and the Challenge and Response Theory

This study estimates the leadership qualities of Benazir Bhutto, first female Prime Minister of Pakistan and the Islamic world. The life history of Benazir Bhutto also falls under the category of charismatic leadership as she displayed exceptional leadership qualities in the face of different personal and political challenges. Much has been written on the life, personality and political career of Benazir Bhutto but very few have made academic and in depth study of leadership qualities of Benazir Bhutto which were predominant and striking features of her political leadership during her second tenure as Prime Minister of Pakistan (1993-96). Therefore, this article navigates on diverse Socio-economic, Political and Geo-strategic challenges and responses of Benazir Bhutto as Prime Minister of Pakistan (1993-96). Further, it encapsulates her relationship with military, dwindling state of economy, revengeful role of opposition and various contradictions with President created a grave challenge not only for poor governance but also for the longevity of her premiership tenure. It was not smooth sailing for her as Prime Minister; however, it was a hard journey full of myriad challenges, inherited dwindling economy, overdeveloped state structure, strife torn society, volatile geo-political situation, regional disparities, vindictive politics of opposition and imbalance of power between Prime Minister and President required stupendous efforts from Benazir Bhutto as a Prime Minister. Further, this study presents a systematic and factual analysis of the socio-economic challenges and the arbitrary use of the Presidential power (58) (2B). Furthermore, theory of challenge and response has also been applied to have a better understanding of Benazir Bhutto’s leadership qualities and administrative abilities. It also throws light on the circumstances that led towards her ouster from premiership. Besides, this study attempts to find what were the diverse challenges faced by Benazir Bhutto as a Prime Minister (1993-96)? How did she respond to various challenges as Prime Minister?

Sero-Prevalence & Disease Pattern of Ppr Peste Des Petits Ruminants Infection in Small & Large Ruminants Buffalo, Cattle and Camel and Molecular Characterization of Isolates Circulating in Sindh Province of Pakistan With Their Economic Impact

A participatory epidemiological (PE) study was carried out in the Tharparkar District of Sindh province, Pakistan, which is the only fertile desert in the world. The study was carried out to assess the association of the disease with animal production systems and its socio-economic impact. During participatory rural appraisal activities, sets of semi structured interviews, visualization techniques, ranking and scoring techniques were applied to collect qualitative and quantitative data. The study revealed that sheep and goat are reared without systemic housing. The average herd size was 30 head with a sheep and goat ratio of 1:2. Women have an important role in sheep and goat husbandry especially for feeding, watering, milking, and management of lambing/ kidding. It was concluded from the study that most low-income landless farmers are involved in sheep and goat raising, which played a significant role in their household economy and provided the main source of income. It was also accomplished that Peste des Petits Ruminants and other prevailing sheep and goat diseases are causing momentous negative impacts on food security and child nutrition with the enduring impacts including delays in marriages, postponement of surgery and other family health interventions as well as disruption of children education.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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