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کہانی آوارہ ہوتی ہے: تنقیدی جائزہ

سلیم اختر ڈھیرہ صاحب کی تصنیف : کہانی آوارہ ہوتی ہے : کا تنقیدی جائزہ

محفوظ احمد ثاقب

دل چسپ تصنیف : کہانی  آوارہ ہوتی ہے   : اطالوی لوک داستانوں  کے اردو تراجم پر مبنی  ہے۔ یہ تصنیف نوجوان شاعر، ادیب و مصنف  پروفیسر سلیم اختر ڈھیرہ کی شب و روز کی عرق ریزی کا جوہر ہے۔ نامور مصنف پروفیسر سلیم اختر ڈھیرہ  شعبہ درس و تدریس سے وابستہ ہیں۔ جنابِ سلیم اختر ڈھیرہ کا تعلق چنیوٹ کی زرخیز و شاداب  زمین سے ہے۔ زیرِ تبصرہ تصنیف مصنف کی دوسری  کاوش ہے اس سے قبل مصنف  کی انگریزی شاعری پر مبنی کتاب : PALE LEAVES  : بھی  اپنی مقبولیت  کا لوہا منوا چکی ہے۔ یہ کتاب حکومتِ پاکستان سے نیشنل ایوارڈ برائے انگریزی ادب سالِ 2017ء  بھی حاصل کرچکی ہے۔ نامور مصنف  جناب پروفیسر سلیم اختر ڈھیرہ صاحب  انگریزی علمی و ادبی  کاوشوں کے اعتراف میں حکومتِ چین کی طرف سے سرکاری اعزازو احترام کے ساتھ چین کا دورہ بھی کرچکے ہیں۔ زیرِ تبصرہ کتاب : کہانی آوارہ ہوتی ہے :  کو فیصل آباد کے علم و ادب سے شغف رکھنے والے سپوت جنا ب عابد مثال نے شائع کیا ہے۔ گہرے نیلے رنگ کی خوبصورت و دیدہ زیب سرِ ورق سے مزین     مجلد کتاب  کل 180 صفحات پر مشتمل ہے۔  کتاب کا فلیپ  نامور ادیب  ڈاکٹر انوار احمد اور جناب ڈاکٹر ناصر عباس نیر صاحب نے لکھا ہے۔ ان دو عظیم ادبی شخصیات  نے بڑا عالمانہ اور فاضلانہ تبصرہ فرما یا ہے جو  مذکورہ تصنیف  کے مقبولِ عام ہونے کے لیے سند ہے۔ اپنی اس کتاب کا انتساب پروفیسر سلیم اختر ڈھیرہ نے اپنی والدہ ماجدہ کے نام کیا ہے۔

  کتاب کا عنوان : کہانی آوارہ ہوتی ہے:   صنف اور موضوع کے...

Iron deficiency and risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma Iron expression in oral carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma caused by excessive substance abuse like alcohol, tobacco etc.  Objectives: Aim of the present study was to evaluate the iron expression in different grades of OSCC and potential of iron staining as a prognostic marker and its importance as an essential nutrient in diet. Methods and Patients: It was a cross sectional study.A total of 40 oral biopsies were evaluated and the mean age of patients was 53.5 years with age range 23-80 years. 14 cases were well differentiated, 14 moderately differentiated and there were 12 poorly differentiated case. Iron staining was performed for all these cases. Results: Iron positivity was observed in 11 (27.5%) of OSCC patients with maximum iron positivity in well differentiated group (64.28%) of age range 20-40 years (70%). More patients had tongue as site of cancer. There was no genderwise difference in iron expression. Iron deficiency was associated with poor prognosis indicating iron as an important nutrient which can prevent OSCC if adequately present in our routine diet. Conclusions: Prevalence of iron positivity in young patients and initial stage of OSCC, indicates the protective effect of iron against oral squamous cell carcinoma

The Conceptual Development of a Geography Teacher and Application of the Concepts in the Classroom

This small scale research project explores the process of geography teacher's conceptual development and its application in the classroom. The rational of the study is based on my personal experiences of learning geography as a student, teaching it in the school and having experience in the context of Pakistan. Realizing that geography is usually considered as an ‘unimportant' subject, which is taught superficially by the teachers created a need for me to conduct research on developing teacher's conceptual understating and its application in the classroom. Developing conceptual understanding of the teachers is one of the ways of improving the status of the Geography and helping people understand the significance of the subject. In order to do this research I worked with one secondary level Social Studies teacher in a private school of Karachi. The project started from examining the existing perception of the teacher about conceptual development and its application in the classroom. I was also engaged in identifying the existing teacher's conceptual understanding about particular topic, and finding teacher's existing strategies of applying concepts in the classroom. The findings of the reconnaissance stage highlighted some major issues related to the teacher's conception about ‘’Earth in space’’. This included limited understanding, alternative conception and the absence of understating about some of the concepts. Subsequently, on the basis of the issues a strategic general action plan was prepared and implemented to facilitate the teacher's conceptual development and its application in teaching the students. The planning and actions remained responsive to the change coming up from the experiences of the teacher's conceptual development. The data for the action process was collected through semi-structured interviews, lesson observation notes, researcher's and the teacher's reflective journals. Collecting and analyzing data was going hand on hand with the purpose of taking further actions for the teacher' conceptual development. The study reports the process of developing teacher's conceptual understanding with the help of the strategies such as discussion on reading materials, exploring the diagrams, demonstration of the phenomena and practicing the phenomena by the teacher. The implementation of the general action plan brought some significant changes in teacher's conception about ‘’Earth in space’’ and ultimately improved her practices in the classroom. The process of the teacher's conceptual development was exciting as well as challenging process. Exciting because the entire process helped the teacher to reconceptualize her existing conception and at times put her in mental dissonance. And
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