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ڈاکٹر محمد ایوب قادری

ڈاکٹر محمد ایوب قادری
پاکستان وبھارت کے علمی اور دینی حلقوں میں یہ خبر بڑے رنج وغم کے ساتھ سنی گئی کہ۲۵/نومبر۱۹۸۳ء کوپاکستان کے ایک نامور ادیب،مصنف اور مؤرخ ڈاکٹر محمد ایوب قادری کراچی میں ٹریفک کے ایک حادثے میں جاں بحق ہوگئے۔ وفات کے وقت ان کی عمر۵۶برس کے لگ بھگ تھی۔
قادری صاحب روہیلکھنڈ کے مشہور تاریخی قصبے آنولہ کے رہنے والے تھے۔ان کی ابتدائی تعلیم بدایوں اوربریلی میں ہوئی۔تقسیم ملک کے بعد موصوف کراچی چلے گئے۔کراچی جاکر انھوں نے اپنی تعلیم جاری رکھی اوربالآخر اردو کالج کراچی میں شعبۂ اردو میں لیکچرار مقرر ہوئے اور محنت،لگن اورخلوص کی بدولت آخر میں شعبۂ اردو کے صدر بن گئے۔
قادری صاحب کوروہیلکھنڈ کی تاریخ، رجال اور اماکن پربڑی دسترس تھی۔اس کے علاوہ۱۸۵۷ء کی جنگِ آزادی کے ہیرو ان کی تحقیق کا محور تھے۔ انھوں نے مخدوم جہانیاںؒ کاایک تذکرہ لکھا اورمآثرالامراء کااردو میں ترجمہ کیا۔ مرحوم نے مجلہ اردو کالج کراچی کے کئی شاندار نمبرنکالے۔پاکستان اوربھارت کے علمی وادبی رسائل میں ان کے مضامین اکثرچھپتے رہتے تھے۔
۲۵/نومبر کی شام کو موصوف اپنے گھرواقع شمالی ناظم آباد سے چلے۔ابھی انھوں نے بمشکل سو سواسوگز کا فاصلہ طے کیاہوگا کہ ایک ویگن ان کے سرسے ٹکرا گئی اورموصوف موقع پرہی جان بحق ہوگئے۔
یہ بھی عجیب بات ہے کہ ان کے ایک حقیقی بھائی ابومعاویہ نعمت اﷲ قادری بھی ۲/فروری۱۹۸۱ء کولیاقت آباد کراچی میں ٹریفک کے ایک ایسے ہی حادثے میں جاں بحق ہوئے تھے۔ابومعاویہ کودیکھ کرقرنِ اوّل کے مسلمانوں کی یادتازہ ہوتی تھی۔انھوں نے اس مادی دور میں اپنے تمام بچوں کودینی مدارس میں تعلیم دلوائی۔
یہ دونوں بھائی بڑی خوبیوں کے مالک اور اعلیٰ انسانی اوصاف سے متصف تھے۔اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کومغفرت وبخشش کی نعمتوں سے سرفراز فرمائے۔
[مارچ۱۹۸۴ء]

 

Pandemic Impact on the Travels and Tourism Sector of Nepal

The travel and tours enterprise were badly affected due to pandemics. In the aftermath of high restrictions on human movement, travel-based entrepreneurs were highly impacted due to lockdown. Due to pandemic, highly impacted into earning-saving, lack of supportive working conditions, lower self-capacity, and lack of recovery budget and policies, the travel and tours-based entrepreneurs were highly impacted. The study reflected the impact of pandemics on travel and tours, major constraints, and a possible way forward to sustaining. The research explores what are the major existing practices of sustaining travel and tours entrepreneurs during pandemics, what factors can contribute to building bounce-back capacities of travel and tours entrepreneurs’ sustainability. Above forty-four, snowball-based sampling was done from major travel and tours entrepreneurs, Pokhara-Nepal. A structure-based open-ended questionnaire, key informant interviews, and in-person-based discussion were applied in the method of study. Used the content analysis along with a recap of the research question, undertake bracketing to identify biases, operationalize variables with develop a coding, and code the data with undertaking analysis while qualitative analysis, and multiple regression facilitated on quantitative analysis to finalize the discussion. The study reflects that self-saving, social support, state and financial institutions recovery support, social behavior and change communication, full vaccination practices, and self-accountable tourist behavior are highly expectable conditions to the sustainability of travel and torus entrepreneurship in the learning area. The study concludes that self-saving capacity can contribute to bounce-back capacity for every entrepreneur. Social support and socioeconomic recovery packages were also contributing to sustaining travel and tours in the study area. Self-saving condition and capacity is higher bounce back capacity compared to non-saved entrepreneurs in the study area. Social support, socioeconomic recovery practices, and recovery packages from state and financial institutions were not at the higher level as expected.

Prediction of Effective Thermal Conductivity of Fluid Saturated Porous Media: in Situ Thermo Physical Measurements

The density related properties of igneous (dunite and gabbro) and sedimentary (limestone) rocks are measured at room temperature and normal pressure, using ASTM Standards. Dunite samples are taken from Chillas near Gilgit and gabbro samples from Warsik near Peshawar, both of these places are located in north of Pakistan. The limestones are taken from Nammal Gorge sections, Western Salt Range, Pakistan. The thermal properties are determined using the well known transient plane source (TPS) technique. The thermal parameters of dunite are measured in temperature range from 83K to 483K, using air as saturant in pore spaces. The thermal properties of gabbro samples are reported using air as well as water as saturants in pore spaces at room temperature where as the thermal properties of limestones are measured in temperature range from 293K to 443K. All of the measurements on thermal parameters are carried out at normal pressure. Precise measurements on thermal conductivity are difficult to conduct and are very time consuming. Consequently, a lot of work is done on the prediction of effective thermal conductivity of porous media. To become a part of these efforts, an empirical model is proposed, as given below: 1 λ e = 1 λ s + mΦ λ f Where λ e is the effective thermal conductivity, λ f is the thermal conductivity of fluid in pore spaces, λ s is the thermal conductivity of solid phase, Φ is the fractional porosity and m is the empirical coefficient whose value can be determined by the method of least squares. The results of this proposal are compared with the existing models and the corresponding improvements are reported.⎛ 1 ⎞ Using the concept that thermal resistivity ⎜ ⎟ is a linear function of temperature, the ⎝ λ ⎠ above model is then extended to involve the effect of temperature, given as: 1 λ e = 1 λ s + mΦ ⎛ T ⎜ λ f ⎜ ⎝ T o ⎞ ⎟ ⎟ , ⎠ where T o is certain reference temperature. An exponential decay trial is also given for the prediction of effective thermal conductivity of porous media under ambient conditions, as: λ e = λ s e − zΦ λ s λ f , where z is the empirical coefficient. This formula is tested on gabbro samples with air and water as fluids in pore spaces. The results of this relation are again compared with the results obtained from the existing models and the corresponding variations are discussed.
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