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بنجر نہ کبھی کشتِ تمنا مری ہو گی

بنجر نہ کبھی کشت تمنا میری ہو گی
بنجر نہ کبھی کشت تمنا میری ہو گی
اک فرد کا مرنا نہیں انسان کا مرنا
سر ہیں تو سرِ دار قلم اور بھی ہوں گے
ہم مرتے رہیں گے مگر ہم اور بھی ہوں گے
کوئی مسیحا نہ ایفائے عہد کو پہنچا
بہت تلاش پسِ قتل عام ہوتی رہی

 

Pengaruh Reputasi Underwriter, Financial Leverage, Profitabilitas dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Underpricing Saham IPO di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Periode 2022

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of underwriter reputation, financial leverage, profitability and company size on the underpricing of IPO shares on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) for the period 2022. This research is quantitative research that uses secondary data. The population in this study was 59 companies that will IPO in 2022. The total sample was 46 companies using purposive sampling techniques. Data analysis uses time series data regression with the help of SPSS 25. The research results show that the underwriter's reputation influences share underpricing with a significant value of 0.046 < 0.05. Financial leverage influences stock underpricing with a significant value of 0.049 <0.05. Profitability influences stock underpricing with a significant value of 0.003 < 0.05. Company size has no effect on stock underpricing with a significant value of 0.913 > 0.05.

Issues and Challenges of Automated Software Fault Tolerance Techniques

In software, faults can occur and may disturb the normal behavior or working of a system. Software fault tolerance techniques must be implemented to remove these faults. Fault tolerance is defined as how the system fights when faults occur. A system cannot be truly fault tolerant until software fault tolerance techniques are applied to it. In early research, it is estimated that almost 60-90% of system failures are attributed to software failures. These failures can be controlled by applying software fault tolerance techniques. In this research, a comparative study of different software fault tolerance techniques (like Swift, Trump, Mask and N-version programming) will be carried out and current research challenges in these techniques will be discussed.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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