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دکھاں مینوں لیا ستا

دکھاں مینوں لیا ستا
فضل کریں توں آپ خدا
نہ پھل ہووے نہ خوشبو
نہیں طبیب تے نہیں شفا
بھکھا ہیں تاں مار نہ چیکاں
رجیا ہیں تاں دڑ وٹ جا
جس کسے نال نیکی کرنا ایں
اوس نوں ناں احسان جتا
مرضی ہے تاں وڑ جا منڈی
ایس عشقے دا ایہو بھا
سن کے آمد یار سجن دی
چڑھ جاندے نیں مینوں چا

دراسة تحقيقية حول حياة الإمام نوح بن أبي مريم الجامع جرحا وتعديلا

Al-Imam Nooh Ibne Abi Maryam Aljam'a is one of the well known worldly personality among the International Scholars of Science of Hadith. Unluckily, his positive personality (Ta'deel) in the Science of chain of Narrators (Ilm-e-Asmaur Rijal wa See'r) had been hidden from the sights of worldly known scholars since centuries. This research contribution is based on manuscript of Al-Istighna fee Asma el Mashooreen Bilkuna by Hafiz Ibne Abdul Bar Al-Qurtubi Al-Maliki (death: 460 hijri) found from Mufti Ilahi Bakhsh Library Kandhala India، despite of the Jarah of other scholars. The manuscript is written by Al-Hafiz Abi Abdullah Muhammad bin Abil Fatah Al-Ba'li Alhanbali (Teacher and Mentor of Al-Hafiz Al-Zahabi) (death: 709 hijri). This contribution tries to explore the personality of the great scholar as well as shower a spot light on the critic of scholars and highlight the reality of this Imam.

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Management in Mungbean and Sunflower Intercropping

Yield of some crops is greater for intercropping systems than sole cropping. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) residue is fragile and does not provide a lot of ground cover. The culture and morphology of sunflower, therefore, indicated that it had intercropping potential. In this regard, field experiments were used to test whether intercropping (sunflower and mungbean) by different rates of the N and P nutrients (Exp. I) along with different row combinations and sowing dates (Exp. II) would improve the ground cover per unit area, could increase yield and/or yield traits as well as improve soil fertility. Consequently, two field experiments were conducted in spring seasons of 2011 and 2012. In experiment I sunflower was intercropped with mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) along with sole crop of sunflower, mungbean were studied at three rates (30, 60, and 90 kg ha-1) of each N and P including one control treatment. In experiment II, in addition to the intercropping of sunflower-mungbean, one and two mungbean 7 rows at different dates (0, 7, 14 and 21 days) from date of sunflower planting within the rows were studied. Both experiments were conducted in randomized complete block design at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan (34001’12.69” N, 71o27’54.80” E). The Exp. I was arranged in a split plots where crops (soles and intercrops) assigned to the main plots and nutrients (N and P) to subplots. Each experimental unit of the experiments was replicated four times. Data were recorded on crops phenology, yield and yield traits. Competitive indices e.g. the land equivalent ratio (LER), area time equivalent ratio (ATER), competitive ratio (CR), aggressivity ratio (Ag), relative crowding coefficient (K) and monitory advantage (MAI) of intercropping on sole crop were also calculated. Between the cropping systems (sole vs. intercrop) no statistical advantage was observed in plant phenology, yield or yield traits of sunflower and mungbean. However, increase in given N-rates had significantly (P<0.05) delayed days to flowering and days to maturity in contrast to increasing P to the crops. Leaf area index (LAI) increased by 45-51% in sunflower and 50-72% in mungbean with each increments of N and/or P over control treatment. Plant height increased in the range 5-10% in sunflower and 19-30% in mungbean with increasing the given N and P rates. By increasing N, the above ground biomass of sunflower increased about 17-30% and biomass of mungbean increased about 44- 100%. Similarly by increasing P over the control treatment the biomass of sunflower increased about 20-26% and biomass of mungbean increased 70-73%. With increase in N the Grain yield (kg ha-1) of sunflower enhanced by 27-58% and mungbean by 47- 112%. Likewise with increasing P-rates over the control, the grain yield of sunflower increased by 40-48% and mungbean by 71-94%. This increase in grain yield was mainly associated to the increase in sunflower head diameter (21-35%), grain number (10-18%) and thousand grains weight (35-47%) and pod number (63-87%), grains per pod (0-28%) and grains weight (10-21%) of the mungbean. By increasing N to the crop with mild increases at the higher P the oil content of sunflower grains showed a trivial reduction of 0-6%. By increasing the given N and/or P rates to the crop over control treatment the N content in the grain increased in the ranges from 5-28% and in the straw 3-24%, which ultimately resulted in a significant (P<0.05) increase of N uptakes in both grains and straw. Nodule number and weight in mungbean crop showed a drastic reduction (P<0.05) up to 50% by the increase in N fertilizer rates, however, there was a stable slight (P<0.05) increase in nodule number and their weight by increasing P-rate to the crop. Except LAI, none of the observed parameters showed advantage of intercropping over the sole mungbean crop. Competitive indices did not show any remarkable advantage of the intercropping. In Exp. II sunflower did not show any reflective changes (P<0.05) in any of the observed parameters except LAI. Nevertheless, days to maturity delayed by delay in sowing of mungbean with a nonsignificant (P<0.05) difference in yield and yield traits, which resulted in a nonsignificant change in yield and biomass. Intercropping did not show any reflective (P<0.05) results over the sole crop for yield and yield contributing traits of mungean. The study suggested that mungbean under the given factors could not show any profound increment in yield or net return, however, a possible intercropping for sunflower canopy needs to be investigated with sunflower sowing dates and planting geometry for more valuable outcomes.
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