Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

عدلِ اجتماعی کا تصورو اہمیّت

عدل اجتماعی کا تصور واہمیت
(تعلیمات نبوی کی روشنی میں)
عدل و انصاف فقط حشر پہ موقوف نہیں
زندگی خود بھی گناہوں کی سزا دیتی ہے
اس کائنات رنگ و بو میں ہر سو عدل و انصاف کا نظام کارفرما ہے۔ کائنات کی ہر چیز نظام عدل کے گردمحو گردش ہے۔ ہر شعبہ زیست عدل و انصاف کے بغیر اپنا وجود قائم رکھنے سے قاصر ہے۔ اگر عدل و انصاف عنقاء ہوجائے تو کارخانہ حیات خزاں آشنا ہو جائے گا۔فصلِ بہار کے عطر بیز جھو نکے بھی اس کی عروق مردہ میں تازہ خون کی روانی کو برقرار نہ رکھ سکیں گے۔ عدل سے مراد معنوی طور پر کسی شے کو اس کے درست مقام پر رکھنا ہے۔ شرعی اصطلاح میں عدل سے مراد لوگوں میں انصاف کرناہے، ان کے حقوق دلوانا ،ظلم کا خاتمہ کرنا، عدل اسلامی تعلیمات میں ایک اہم مقام رکھتا ہے۔ نیز عدل کے معنی ہیں ’’افراط و تفریط سے بچنا‘‘ یعنی کسی شے کا زیادہ ہونا نہ کم ہونا یہ درجہ مقام وسط یعنی درمیانی ہے۔ اگر بنظرِ غائر دیکھا جائے تو دنیا میں جوبھی برائیاں ہیں وہ افراط وتفریط ہی کا نتیجہ ہیں۔ یعنی اجتماعی عدل کے قیام میں جو چیز سد سکندری ثابت ہوتی ہے وہ افراط وتفریط ہے۔ عدل اجتماعی جیسا کہ مفہوم سے ظاہر ہے کہ ایسا عدل جوسب کے لئے ہو، سب کا ہدف ہو، اور سب اس کے حصول کے خواہاں ہوں۔ نیز سب کیلئے ممدّ و معاون ثابت ہو یہ اسلام کا طرہ ٔامتیاز ہے کہ اجتماعی عدل کے حامی اسلام کے ہر سنہری دور میں موجود ر ہے ہیں۔
احادیثِ مبارکہ میں اسوۂ حسنہ سے عدل کی اہمیت کا اندازہ لگایا جا سکتا ہے۔ آپصلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلمکے مبارک عہد میں عدل کرنے میں کافر و مسلمان میں کوئی امتیاز نہ رکھا...

ASSESSMENT OF LOWER LIMB MUSCLE STRENGTH IN ATHLETES BY USING HAND-HELD DYNAMOMETER: A RELIABILITY STUDY

Background and Aims: Muscle strength is the key area to measure the functional status of an individual. Different tools and techniques has been used to detect strength differences and deficits. Hand- held dynamometer is one of the most affordable and handy tools used for this purpose. This study was designed to determine intra-rater reliability of hand- held dynamometer to measure muscle strength in different muscle groups of lower extremity of young athletes. It will further explore the reliability of hand- held dynamometer. Methodology: In this cross- sectional study young players of squash and badminton in the age group of 18-26 years were selected. The participants were recruited by non- probability convenience sampling technique. The strength of major muscle groups of lower limb was measured by a single male tester twice with gap through isometric make test of dynamometer. The intra-class correlation coefficient was then calculated for two readings of each muscle group by using SPSS version 21. Results: The intra- class correlation coefficient showed good to excellent reliability. The hip abductors, hip adductors, hip extensors of left side, knee flexors and knee extensors showed excellent reliability. Whereas, hip flexors, ankle plantar- flexors and dorsi-flexors of both sides showed excellent reliability at 95 % confidence interval. Conclusion: The isometric make test of dynamometer is a reliable tool for the objectification of strength of lower limb in   young players participating in squash and badminton.

Impact of Concentrated Whey on Dairy Products

Whey retains 50% of milk solids and can be transformed into various products like whey protein concentrate, whey proteins isolate, powder and whey cheese. The production of whey cheese (Ricotta) is the cheapest way to conserve whey by the small scale cheese producers in Pakistan. The impact of temperature (60-90°C), pH (3-7) and CaCl2 concentration (2.0-6.0mM) on the Ricotta cheese yield from liquid and concentrated whey was investigated in the study. Twenty preliminary experiments were run following Central Composite Design (CCD) on liquid and concentrated whey separately. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the conditions and obtained an empirical polynomial model to fit the experimental data. The conditions optimized by the RSM showed lower yield than the observed values developed by CCD. Three best conditions for higher observed yield values were selected for the production of Ricotta cheese from liquid (RCLW1: 75°C, pH 8.4, CaCl2 4mM, RCLW2: 100°C, pH 5, CaCl2 4mM, RCLW3: 90°C, pH 7, CaCl2 6mM) and concentrated whey (RCCW1: 75°C, pH 8.4, CaCl2 4 mM, RCCW2: 100°C, pH 5, CaCl2 4mM, RCCW3: 90°C, pH 7, CaCl2 6mM) with the addition of buffalo skim milk (9:1 ratio). The RCCW2 and RCLW3 exhibited the highest yield, proteins and total solids. The fat and ash contents were higher in RCCW as compared to RCLW. The lactose and total solids varied from 5.42 to 5.82% and 29 to 34% respectively among cheese samples. Total viable counts (TVC) of Ricotta cheese were in the range from 4.16×104 to 7.19×104 cfu g-1. Comparatively higher numerical values of TVC were observed in RCLW than RCCW. Yeast and molds varied from 1.20×102 to 3.51×102 cfu g-1 and RCCW1 had the highest count. Higher scores were awarded to RCLW3 followed by RCLW2 with respect of sensory evaluation. The cheeses prepared from concentrated whey (CW) obtained poor scores due to its dark color and bitter taste. The CW was also used for yogurt (5-30%) preparation. The increase in total solids (13 to 23%) with the addition of CW had a positive impact up to 10%, but the higher levels produced some quality defects in yogurts like syneresis, low WHC and viscosity. It is concluded from research that Ricotta cheese prepared from liquid and concentrated whey at 90°C, pH 7, CaCl2 6mM has higher yield, but RCCW can be used as an ingredient in other food products due to its higher fat content and protein content but not for direct consumption due to its lower sensory quality as compared to RCLW. It is also concluded that addition of 10% concentrated whey to yogurt improves the sensory, rheological and compositional attributes of set yogurt.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.