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پروفیسر مقبول احمد

پروفیسر مقبول احمد
یہ سطریں زیر تحریر تھیں کہ ایک بڑے عالم و فاضل اور محقق پروفیسر مقبول احمد کی وفات کی خبر ملی، اِناﷲ وَ اِنا اِلَیہ رَاجِعُون۔ وہ علی گڑھ مسلم یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ عربی و اسلامیات سے برسوں وابستہ رہے، انہی کی کوششوں سے یونیورسٹی میں ویسٹ ایشین اسٹڈیز کا شعبہ قائم ہوا، پھر کشمیر چلے گئے اور کشمیر یونیورسٹی میں سینٹرل ایشین اسٹڈیز کا سینٹر اور اسلامی کتب و نوادر کا میوزیم قائم کیا، شاہ حسین کی دعوت پر مشیر تعلیم کی حیثیت سے اردن گئے۔ مغربی ممالک کی سیاحت بھی کی برسوں آل انڈیا اسلامک اسٹڈیز کے جنرل سکریٹری رہے، جس کے باوقار سیمینار ملک بھر میں ہوتے تھے، حکومت ہند کے عربی مجلہ ثقافۃ الہند کے مدیر اور ذاکر حسین انسٹی ٹیوٹ کے سہ ماہی رسالہ ’’اسلام و عصر جدید‘‘ کی ادارت سے بھی منسلک رہے، ریٹائرڈ ہونے کے بعد پروفیسر ایمرٹس ہوئے، تصنیف و تالیف سے برابر اشتغال رہا اور مختلف علمی و تحقیقی کام انجام دیئے، شریف ادریسی کی شہرہ آفاق تصنیف نزہۃ المشتاق فی اختراق الآفاق کے ہندوستان سے متعلق حصے کی اشاعت ان کا بڑا کارنامہ ہے، جس کو ان کے عالمانہ مقدمہ، انڈکس اور محققانہ حواشی نے چار چاند لگادیا ہے، اﷲ تعالیٰ عالم آخرت میں بھی ان کے درجات بلند کرے، آمین!! (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، اپریل ۱۹۹۸ء)

 

The Impact of Nicotine and Social Drinking Behavior and Brain Function

Nicotine acts on nearly every Physiological System of the human body. The effects of nicotine on the Peripheral nervous system have been extensively studied and are now quite well understood. The effects of nicotine on the central nervous system are more complex, and our understanding of these effects is limited. The Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamics of nicotine, with an emphasis on the Psychopharmacological basis of nicotine dependence. In South America, seeking for psychoactive effects of nicotine might be as old as the origin of horticulture, beginning some eight thousand years ago present Ritual tobacco was used in shamanism aimed to achieve acute nicotine intoxication, which induced in the shamans’ catatonic states representing symbolic death. The effect of large doses of nicotine on the autonomic and central nervous system gave the impression of a gradual death of the shaman, who then returned miraculously to life (Wilbert 1987). Regular, moderate use of nicotine alone or in combination is a well-known, widely established and loved practice of men and women both. Despite, health consequences of these pharmacological agents, people continue, quite persistently, to consume these substances and afford much value to the pleasure of a regular intake.

Improving Resilience of Maize Against Water Deficit Stress Through Polyrhizobial Inoculation

To feed the ever increasing human population, there is need of the hour to enhance the crop yield. Different biotic and abiotic factors limit the plant productivity. Among them drought is most common. Drought seriously affects the plant physiology, biochemistry and yield. To ameliorate the effect of drought different ways can be adopted. The most economical and simplest way is the use of rhizobial inoculants. Thirty rhizobial stains were isolated from lentil chick pea and mungbean each. Drought tolerance assay was performed to check the ability of the stains to combat drought. Ten strains from each source were selected on the basis of their drought tolerance ability. The strains were evaluated for plant growth promotion under axenic conditions on maize crop. Strains C-3, C-5, L-6 and M-6 showed better growth of root and shoot, and physiological and biochemical parameters of maize plants. These four strains with all their possible combinations were tested in a jar trial at different moisture levels i. e. 100, 75 and 50% of field capacity. Results showed that the rhizobial inoculants were effective when used individually but the results were even better when used in combinations. Combinations, C1 (C5, C9 & L6), C2 (C9, L6 & M6) and C3 (C5, C9, L6 & M6) performed better and were selected for pot and field evaluation. Rhizobial inoculation enhanced the photosynthetic activity, stomatal conductance, transpirational rate, root and shoot dry weight, biomass and grain yield. At 100% FC, rhizobial combinations significantly increased grain yield of maize as compared to un-inoculated control. However, combination two (C2) showed maximum grain yield (12%) followed by Combination three (C3) (9%) as compared to un-inoculated control. Combination 2 (C2) improved grain yield (22%) followed by C3 (18%) at 75% field capacity over un-inoculated control. At 50% FC, rhizobial combinations C2 and C3 significantly increased (25%) and (19%) grain yield of maize as compared to un-inoculated control and C1 showed (2.91%) improvement in grain yield as compared to un-inoculated control but statistically at par with control. In field, to apply the drought, irrigations were skipped at critical stages. Drought badly affected the physiology, biochemistry and yield of maize. But rhizobial inoculation significantly ameliorated the adverse effects of drought by producing exopolysaccarides, biofilm formation, phosphate solubilization, ACC deaminase and antioxidents.
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