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مولانا حکیم برکات احمد بہاری ٹونکی

مولانا حکیم برکات احمد صاحب بہاری ٹونکی
پچھلے مہینہ ایک اور فاضل زمانہ نے اپنی جگہ خالی کردی، یکم ربیع الاول ۱۳۴۷؁ھ کو استاد الوقت مولانا حکیم برکات احمد صاحب بہاری ٹونکی نے وفات پائی، مرحوم اس عہد کے ان یگانہ اساتذہ میں تھے، جن کے حلقہ درس نے سینکڑوں کاملین فن پیدا کئے، جناب عبداﷲ صاحب ٹونکی کی طرح مرحوم کا خاندان بھی بہار سے ٹونک جاکر آباد ہوا تھا، یہ پندہ برس مولانا عبدالحق خیرآبادی کی صحبت میں رہ کر علوم عقلیہ و حکمیہ میں سرآمد روزگار بنے تھے، ساتھ ہی علم حدیث اور علوم دینیہ کا فیض قاضی محمد ایوب بھوپال سے حاصل کیا تھا، والی ٹونک انکی پوری قدر دانی فرماتے تھے اور ان کو اپنی ریاست کا فخر سمجھتے تھے، دور دور سے طلبہ آکر ان کے حلقۂ تعلیم میں شریک ہوتے تھے اور کامیاب ہوکر واپس جاتے تھے، افسوس کہ یہ سرچشمۂ فیض ہمیشہ کے لئے خشک ہوگیا، ’’رحمۃ اﷲ وبرکاتہ‘‘ ۱۳۴۷؁ھ تاریخ وفات جس نے نکالی ہے اس پر بھی خدا کی رحمت، رحمۃ اﷲ وبرکاتہ علیہ۔
مرحوم کی بعض فلسفیانہ تصنیفات شائع ہوئی ہیں، مشہور تصانیف حسب ذیل ہیں:
انہارؔ اربعہ تصوف میں، القولؔ الضابط فی تحقیق الوجود الرابط، امامؔ الکلام فی تحقیق الاجسام، فلسفہ میں، حاشیہ برحاشیہ خیر آبادی، برحاشیہ شرح مواقف کلام میں، حاشیہ برجامع ترمذی، حدیث میں، مرحوم نہ صرف اپنے علم و فضل میں، بلکہ اپنے محاسن اخلاق میں بھی پرانے بزرگوں کی شان رکھتے تھے، کتب بینی کا یہ عالم تھا کہ وہ رات بھی جس میں ان کی وفات ہوئی مطالعہ سے ناغہ نہ گئی، نوجوان دنیا ان بوڑھے بزرگوں کی مثال پیدا نہ کرسکے گی۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی،ستمبر ۱۹۲۸ء)

 

Impact of Military Wars/Conflicts on Pakistan-India Relations

South Asia and Indian subcontinent have historically been regions of geo-strategic importance. They have been the most sought-after territories for every major World Player in each era. As a result of independence from the British in 1947, Pakistan and India emerged as two sovereign states, however, at loggerheads with each other since their very inception. The two countries have fought four deadly wars (1947-48, 1965 & 1971), including one (Kargil) after attaining the status of nuclear powers. One commonality in all these wars has been the unresolved Kashmir Issue, which remains the sorest point in the Pak-India ties to-date. These wars and many others military conflicts have resulted in the breach of peace for the region causing a much-feared nuclear threat, economic losses, disruption of social and cultural ties etc. For greater world peace, Pakistan and India need to resolve their differences/issues through bilateral negotiations, as war is no solution to any problem. For this purpose, political leadership of both the countries will have to intelligently carve out a plan to achieve the objective of peace and tranquility in the region. Both the countries need to realize that neighbours cannot be wished away. Peace in South Asia is synonymous to peace in the world.

Incidence and Characterization of Major Fungal Pathogens of Strawberry Diseases

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) is a member of family Rosaceae and is among the most widely consumed fruit throughout the world. Its fruit ripens in early spring which gives good economic returns to the farmers. Strawberry crop suffers from numerous diseases and among them, fungal diseases are highly destructive. As no systematic research, so far has been conducted in Pakistan regarding strawberry diseases, the present study was conducted to determine disease incidence and prevalence of important fungal diseases of the strawberry crop and the morpho-molecular characterization of associated fungal pathogens. For field-based disease assessment, a two year (2014-15 and 2015-16) disease survey of farmer fields was conducted in 12 important strawberry producing districts of Punjab (Rawalpindi, Sargodha, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Narowal, Sheikhupura, Lahore and Multan), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) (Mardan, Charsadda and Swat) and important areas of Islamabad (ICT). On the basis of these surveys four major fungal diseases viz. Alternaira leaf spot (ALS), Fusarium fruit rot (FFR), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum) fruit rot (AFR) and Bortyis fruit rot (BFR) or gray mold were found to be prevalent, with no prevalence in district Swat during both years in case of FFR while maximum of 100 % were observed in case of all fungal diseases. Disease incidence of ALS was recorded from 17.25 % to 55 %, followed by no disease to 59 % in case of FFR while 14.13% to 44.71 % of AFR and 17.13 to 48.88 % as of BFR. Pathogens were identified on the basis of morpho-molecular characters. The morphological characterization was done on pathogenic isolates of 4 fungal pathogens viz. 82 isolates of Alternaria alternata, 77 isolates of Fusarium solani, 90 isolates of Colletotrichum spp. (68 isolates of C. acutatum and 21 isolates of C. xvi 3 gloeosporioides) and 92 isolates of Botrytis cinerea. These isolates were identified based on standard identification keys and results in identification of these pathogens. A total of fifty four (54) highly virulent and representative isolates from each district were subjected to molecular characterization. Of these, 12 isolates were each of A. alternata and B. cinerea while 19 isolates were Colletotrichum spp. (12 of C. acutatum and 7 of C. gloeosporioides) and 11 isolates were F. solani. These isolates were amplified with ITS gene primers (ITS1/ITS4), endopolygalacturonase (endoPG) gene primers (PG3/PG2b) for A. alternata, Beta (β)-tubulin (TUB2) primers (BT2a/BT2b) for Colletotrichum spp., translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α) primer (ef1/ef2) for F. solani and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) primers (G3PDH_for/G3PDH_rev) was for B. cinerea. The nucleotide sequences further analyzed by phylogenetic software and resulted in genetic homology of current study isolates with previously reported isolates and hence confirmed the morphological identification. This research work provided the first comprehensive factual picture of fungal diseases of strawberry from Pakistan and proper morpho-molecular characterization of associated destructive pathogens and is expected to play a central function in future studies.
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