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توقیر اکرم کائرہ

توقیر اکرم کائرہ

پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی وسطی پنجاب قمر زمان کائرہ کا توقیر اکرم کائرہ شہید کو شہید محترمہ بے نظیر بھٹو کی تحفظ کی خاطر 27دسمبر2007ء کو لیاقت باغ میں جام شہادت نوش کر نے پر سلام اور خراج عقیدت پیش کیا۔

اپنے پیغام میں ان کا کہنا تھا شہید رانی ،شہید توقیر کائرہ سمیت تمام جمہوری شہیدوں کی وطن عزیز میں جمہور ،جمہوریت کی بحالی اور ایک خوشحال ،ترقی یافتہ پاکستان کا خواب انشاء اﷲنوجوان قیادت جناب چیئر مین پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی بلاول بھٹو زرداری کی شکل میں پایہ تکمیل تک پہنچایا جائے گا ۔

آج وطن عزیز ایک مرتبہ پھر تاریخ کی مشکل ترین صورتِ حال سے دوچار ہے ۔پاکستان میں آج سیاسی ،معاشرتی ،معاشی اور اخلاقی فقدان نظر آ رہا ہے ۔ایک مرتبہ وطن عزیز کے مظلوم ، کسان ،مزدور ،غریب اور دیہاڑی دار طبقہ کی نظریں پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کے اوپر ہیں ۔انشاء اﷲپاکستان پیپلز پارٹی اپنی تاریخی ذمہ داری اداکرتے ہوئے وطن عزیز کے تمام مسائل کو حل کر کے قائد اعظم محمد علی جناح قائد عوام شہید ذوالفقار علی بھٹو اور شہید رانی محترمہ بے نظیر بھٹو کا مشن جو ایک خوشحال ترقی یافتہ ،آئینی اور جمہوری پاکستان کا تھا انشاء اﷲ عوام کی طاقت سے تکمیل تک پہنچا کر دم لیں گے ۔

 

قیام امن میں حضرت عثمان کا کردار: تاریخی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Nowadays the entire world, particularly the Islamic countries, are suffering from a state of anxiety and insecurity due to terrorism. The terrorists are destroying peace of the world for the sake of their personal interests. They affiliate their terrorist activities with Islām, while Islām condemns not only terrorism, but also the violation of the country law. Islām is the religion of peace. Allāh, peace of title the with (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Muhammad Prophet His sent Almighty and granted him the name of religion as Islām. The Holy Prophet in harmony and peace of facade the build to life his all spent (صلى الله عليه وسلم) the society. His companions also exhibited human loving nature and. (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet Holy the by them to provided roadmap the followed Ḥaḍrat Uthmān is one of those, who sacrificed themselves for the noble cause of peace. In this article, the remarkable efforts of Ḥaḍrat Uthmān for the maintainance of peace are highlighted. He was commited to peace even before Islām, and after accepting it, he played a vital role for the promotion and maintaince of peace. He the at (صلى الله عليه وسلم) prophet the of ambassador the as appointed was occasion of the Ḥudaybiyah Pact. Uthmān ruled a vast empire. Peace was a hallmark of his era. The evil plots against him surfaced only in the later years of his caliphate. These included objections regarding appointment and administration of the governers. He took every step to stop the disruption of peace, so much so, he did not allow the Muslims to fight for his defence, hence, sacrificed his life.

Approaches to Assess the Optimum Dissolved Oxygen Released by Macrophytes in the Substratum of Constructed Wetlands

Approaches to Assess the Optimum Dissolved Oxygen Released by Macrophytes in the Substratum of Constructed Wetlands Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been successfully employed to treat wastewater in developing countries as they are economical and based on ecologically friendly principles. Wastewater treatment by CW involves chemical, biological and physical processes like precipitation, sedimentation, absorption, adsorption and biodegradation. However, the degradation of organic matter is dependent on oxygen availability in wastewater. The hydrologic environment of CW with water saturated substrate is prevailed by poor oxygen conditions. Therefore, the oxygen added by the macrophytes through their roots to the substrate of CW plays a key role in wastewater treatment. A part of the oxygen produced during the process of photosynthesis is transported through the inter-connected air spaces comprising aerenchyma of these plants to the roots and rhizosphere. The active oxygen transfer capability is one of the main parameters that controls the performance of a CW and is thus considerably dependent on the oxygen availability in the rhizosphere, which may be controlled by the finest combination of macrophytes, climatic factors and microorganisms. In the current study, a specially designed Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) was used for monitoring temperature, light intensity and humidity supplemented with a mix of digital controlling and measuring devices. A precise, continuous and frequent data about humidity, temperature and light intensity combinations was recorded with insignificant fluctuations of 1 - 2 ºC in temperature and 7 to 20 µmol m-2 s-1 in light intensity. The study discovered the significant increase in dissolved oxygen (DO) in the rhizosphere of Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis affected by the optimum combination of temperature and light intensity, i.e., 30 - 35 ºC with 210 µmol.m-2 s-1 and 35 ºC with 140 - 210 µmol m-2 s-1, respectively. The highest DO recorded from the rhizosphere of Typha when exposed to these combinations was 1.67 mg/L whereas in the rhizosphere of Phragmites it was 2.16 mg/L. The exposure to the optimum temperature and light intensity combinations, increased the fresh plant biomass in Typha by 27% and Phragmites 32% whereas the chlorophyll content was enhanced by 13% and 14%, respectively. The Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) enhanced the plant growth and chlorophyll content. The PGPR also had positive influence on the process of photosynthesis and consequently on the release of oxygen from the roots of plants. The PGPR (GRP-C3) inoculated plants were able to add maximum oxygen to their rhizosphere. The highest amount of oxygen recorded from the rhizosphere of Typha and Phragmites was 4.54 mg/L and 2.57 mg/L, respectively. It was observed that the PGPR, GRP-C3 showed the highest phosphate solubilization index (17 mm) and higher ability to produce Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), i.e., 12.5 mg/L. The higher concentration of DO in the substratum of CW significantly reduced the retention time for treating maximum chemical and biological oxygen demand from the wastewater, i.e., 8 days for the Typha vegetated microcosms and 9 days for the Phragmites vegetated microcosms. The non-vegetated microcosms required 17-18 days, however, all vegetated microcosms exposed to unfavorable temperature and light intensity combinations required 10-15 days for achieving maximum COD/BOD removal efficiency. A major feature of variable rate of photosynthesis also revealed a rhythmic and regular pattern of diurnal fluctuation of DO concentration in the rhizosphere of macrophytes during the light and dark period. The highest photosynthetic rates observed in Saururus cernuus and Pistia stratiotes were 5.76 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 and 3.52 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 at light intensity level of 140 µmol m-2 s-1 and 210 µmol m-2 s-1, respectively. The Pistia exhibited a significantly higher release of oxygen (5.83 mg/L) from the roots than the Saururus (3.87 mg/L). The stomatal conductance in both plants was observed to be significantly affected by the variable temperatures where a regression between the stomatal conductance and DO in the rhizosphere of Pistia and Saururus was determined.
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Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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