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عشق کا گائوں

یہ دل جب جوان ہوا تھا
اس کا ابرو کمان ہوا تھا
ہر نقش اس کا قاتل تھا
نشانے پہ میرا دل تھا
دُور دُور رہا کرتا تھا وہ
کچھ نہ کہا کرتا تھا وہ

ہر روز اسے دیکھتا تھا میں
کہ اس کا فریفتہ تھا میں

دیکھا تھا اسے جب سے
مانگا ہر شب رب سے

اسے پیار ہونا مشکل تھا
میرا اعتبار ہونا مشکل تھا
پر جذبے میں سچائی تھی
وہ آخر پگھل آئی تھی
اُسے اعتبار آ گیا آخر
مجھ پہ پیار آ گیا آخر

یوں شروع پھر فسانہ ہوا
کہ وہ بھی میرا دیوانہ ہوا
پر ایک دن بھید کھل گیا اپنا
سب کو سراغ مل گیا اپنا
آخر عشق و زمانہ لڑ گئے
اور یوں ہوا کہ ہم بچھڑ گئے

اس سانحے پہ بہت روئے ہم
جانے کتنی ہی راتیں نہ سوئے ہم
دل پہ خوشیوں کا ڈیرہ نہیں رہا
یہ سچ ہے کہ وہ میرا نہیں رہا
عمریں بیت گئی پر سوال وہی رہا
کہ اُ س کے جانے کا ملال وہی رہا

یہ سچ ہے بہت ہم اداس رہتے ہیں
یہ بھی سچ ہے نہ اک دوسرے کے پاس رہتے ہیں
یہ بھی مانا کہ ہیں مجبور بہت
پر اس ظالم سماج سے دور بہت
اک عشق کا گاؤں آتا ہے
جہاں نہ کوئی اداس رہتا ہے
وہاں وہ میرے پاس رہتا ہے

Students Reading Comprehension Through Scanning Technique

This article reviews how scanning technique contributes to reading comprehension. Reading comprehension is defined as the process by which a person derives meaning from print. Scanning is a device used to locate details. Scanning means glancing rapidly through the text either to search for a specific piece of information The differences of students reading comprehension after treatment are influenced by treatment given to them. It was proven by the result of previous research statistical data analysis which indicated to the students’ progress. Teaching reading by using scanning technique can increase students’ reading achievement.

Functional Analysis of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Superfamily in Solanaceae.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is an essential gene superfamily with central roles in plant signaling. In plants, their functions include growth, development and stress response. It is divided into three families which control various cellular processes. The current study was focused on identification of MAP Kinases (MPKs), MAPK Kinases (MKKs) and MAPK Kinase Kinases (MAPKKK) from economically important crops of Solanaceae (tomato, potato, eggplant, pepper and tobacco) along with a syntenic species from Rubiaceae (wild coffee), based on their conserved domains and signature motifs. Multiple sequence alignments were performed and heat plots were generated. Phylogenetic trees were constructed via neighbor joining and maximum likelihood methods. Homology modeling was performed and the resulting threedimensional structures were refined and optimized. Structural superimpositions were performed. Protein-lipid interactions were tested by dockings. Protein-protein interactions were tested using bimolecular fluorescence complementation and the results were visualized via confocal microscopy. Based on high sequence similarities, the total number of genes identified as MAPKs were 89 in tomato, 108 in potato, 63 in eggplant, 79 in pepper, 64 in coffee and 162 in tetraploid tobacco. All genes in tomato, potato, pepper and coffee spread uniformly on their chromosomes. Grouping of various genes in the phylogenetic trees was in accordance with the homologous Arabidopsis MAPKs. High sequence similarities led to high structural similarity in Constitutive Triple Response 1 protein in tomato, potato, eggplant, pepper and coffee. Phosphoglycerides, natural lipids in plants, were found to form hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with this protein. MPKs and MKKs in tomato and pepper were seen to show interactions via strong fluorescence signals in the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum. MPK3 interacted with MKK2 and MKK5, and similar interactions were observed for MPK4 in both pepper and tomato. Hence, it was confirmed that multiple MPKs interact with a single MKK, and vice versa. The MAPKs thus form a complex interactome in the cell. This study would be helpful in future studies on MAPK functions in order to understand the cellular mechanisms at protein levels under various environmental conditions and this knowledge would be utilized for generating better crop varieties to achieve higher yield.
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Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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