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سیالکوٹ میں اردو شاعری کا ارتقا 1947 تا 2010

سیالکوٹ میں اردو شاعری کا ارتقاء(۱۹۴۷ ء تا۲۰۱۰)

سیالکوٹ ایک تاریخی اور ادبی خطہ  رہا ہے۔ اس کی تاریخ پانچ ہزار سال پر محیط ہے ۔یہ خطہ  جغرافیائی لحاظ سے اس مقام پر واقع ہے جہاں کئی آبی گذرگاہیں ہیں۔ کشمیر اور پنجاب کے دیگر تجارتی شہروں سے اس کا قریبی رابطہ ہے۔ سیالکوٹ تاریخی، ثقافتی، سماجی، تہذیبی، علمی اور ادبی لحاظ سے لاہور اور دوسرے ادبی، ثقافتی، تہذیبی، تاریخی اور علمی شہروں سے کسی طور پر بھی کم نہیں ۔ اس شہر کی ثقافت توانائی اور رنگا رنگی لیے ہوئے ہے۔ یہاں کے میلے ٹھیلے، روایتی تہوار اور دیگر ثقافتی سرگرمیاں اس  خطے  کو  ہمیشہ ممتاز کرتی رہی ہیں۔      
سیالکوٹ کو اقبال و فیض کے مولد ہونے کا لا زوال فخر حاصل ہے۔ یہ ایک صنعتی شہر ہے۔ اس کی آبادی تقریباً تیس لاکھ سے زیادہ نفوس پر مشتمل ہے سر زمین سیالکوٹ صدیوں کی انسانی تہذیب و تمدن اور ادب و ثقافت کا عظیم الشان گہوارہ ہے ۔ اس دھرتی کے تاریخی آثار  مدت سے مورخین و ماہرین آثار قدیمہ کی دلچسپی کا سامان بھی رہے ہیں ۔ یہاں کی تہذیب ٹیکسلا اور موہنجو ڈارو کی تہذیبوں کے ہم پلہ ہے۔
   سیالکوٹ کی مٹی بڑی زرخیز اور مردم خیز ہے ۔سرزمین سیالکوٹ نے علم و ادب اور فنون لطیفہ کے میدانوں میں گراں قدر خدمات سرانجام دی ہیں۔ اس خطے کے باشندوں  نے پاکستان کی صنعتی  و اقتصادی ترقی کے ساتھ ساتھ علم و فن کی خدمت بھی جاری رکھی ۔ ماضی میں ملا کمال کشمیری ، ملا عبدالحکیم سیالکوٹی، امین حزیں سیالکوٹی ، اثر صہبائی، مرزا ریاض  اور غلام الثقلین نقوی نے علمی وادبی حوالے سے سیالکوٹ کا نام روشن کیا۔ مولوی میر حسن ، مولوی ابراہیم میر، ڈاکٹر جمشید راٹھور اور یوسف سلیم چشتی نے علم کی پیاس بجھائی۔...

Hybrid Warfare and its Impacts on Pakistan

In modern times, the conventional means of warfare are increasingly becoming less usable. However, the states are involved in waging hybrid warfare to the maximum to fulfill their foreign policy goals. In nuclearized South Asia, direct war between India and Pakistan seems unlikely given that both the states know that escalation could lead to nuclear catastrophe in the region. This compels both the states to find other means of warfare to undermine each other’s interests. India wants to weaken Pakistan so that it may abandon claim on Indian occupied Jammu and Kashmir. For that, India is using all tools of hybrid warfare against Pakistan. In this context, this paper aims at to unearth India’s hybrid warfare in the region and its implications for Pakistan. The main focus of the paper is to explain tools and methods of India hybrid warfare. At the same time the research also tries to unravel few other case studies. It also notes how Pakistan can counter hybrid threats posed by its arch rival.

Image Restoration Using Soft Computing

Image restoration is defined as a technique to bring back contents of initial image from the degraded one with or without having prior knowledge about degradation process. Image degradation may appear in any of the processing phases including: acquisition, reproduction, storage, transmission, compression, and/or pre-processing phase. In this thesis, research has been presented in the domain of image restoration. Image restoration offers exciting application and research opportunities for many application domains e.g. astronomical imaging, medical imaging, defense applications along with numerous other post-processing techniques. A degradation model needs to be developed first for image restoration. This degradation is usually a consequence of addition of blur or noise. Once the degradation has been modeled, images can be restored towards the approximation of their reality. However, in reality, a-priori information about the blur or noise is not known in many situations thereby making image restoration a more difficult task. In order to overcome this problem, estimation techniques are used on true image as well as degraded one to get a better approximation. Major focus of this thesis has been to study existing modern soft computing based techniques and to develop new image restoration techniques using soft computing. Research centers around restoration of corrupted images subjected to different types of impulse noise for grayscale as well as for color images. This restoration is achieved by making good tradeoff between two essential but contradictory characteristics of images i.e. smoothness and edge preservation. This dissertation makes the following contributions in the field of image restoration: (1) Machine Learning based Impulse Noise Detector is proposed which has high noise detection accuracy and very few false alarms for whole range of noise density. (2) Directional Weighted Switching Median filter is proposed which performs well even at high noise density and has outstanding detail preservation capability. (3) Fuzzy based filter using statistical estimators is proposed for random-valued impulse noise. (4) Color differences based fuzzy color filter is proposed which preserves the color differences of the image. (5) In the end, a novel technique is proposed for noise type identification making automatic image restoration techniques to be more generic and useful. Significant experimentation is performed to evaluate performance of proposed techniques with the impressive results. This experimentation is based upon both qualitative and quantitative error measures.
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