Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

منشی احترام علی کاکوروی

منشی احترام علی کاکوروی 
افسوس ہے کہ منشی احترام علی صاحب کاکوروی نے ایک طویل علالت کے بعد انتقال کیا، وہ ایک نامور باپ منشی احتشام علی صاحب مرحوم رئیس کاکوروی کے فرزند اور خود بھی بڑی خوبیوں کے انسان تھے، دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء سے ان کو موروثی تعلق تھا، وہ اس کے معتمد مال تھے، ایک زمانہ میں لکھنؤ کے مقامی قومی کاموں میں بھی حصہ لیتے تھے، لیکن ادھر کچھ دونوں سے خانہ نشینی کی زندگی اختیار کرلی تھی لکھنؤ کا مسلم یونیورسٹی کنونشن ان ہی کی کوشش کا نتیجہ تھا، وہ پشتینی رئیس تھے، لیکن طبعاً نہایت متواضع، خلیق اور شرفائے اودھ کی تہذیب و شرافت کا نمونہ تھے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی، فروری ۱۹۶۶ء)

Shibli, English, and the Step-Mother

The relationship between English (in what this term comes to mean as a language, as a discipline of studies, and as a synecdoche of Western culture) and our culture as Muslim Pakistanis has developed over a period of time since the British colonization. The history of this cultural interaction may be divided into three broad phases: the initial, the middle, and the present. The strategy adopted in this paper is based upon the argument that this relationship may be traced through some of the most representative figures of our culture, such as, Shibli, Iqbal, Faiz etc. In each phase of this interaction. The present essay on Shibli deals with the first phase of our cultural interaction with English. It adopts what may be termed as an analogical approach to the issue as it intends to engage with what I think to be rather unwarranted psychoanalytic forays of some of our critics into the psycho-dynamics of such culturally representative figures like Shibli in their relationship with English. The paper exploits the analogy first used by Sheikh Muhammad Ikram, and later employed by Nasir Abbas Nayyar that Shibli’s attitude towards English was the same as his attitude towards his step-mother at home. English, in other words, was a step-mother for Shibli, and for the generations represented through his figure in this early phase of our cultural interaction with the language. Shibli’s terms of engagement with his step-mother, and analogically with English, is the subject of this essay.

Simulation of Salinity Buildup and Corn Zea Maize Response under Irrigation Management Practices Using Saltmed Model

A field study was conducted to simulate salt buildup and corn (Zea maize) response under different irrigation management practices using SALTMED model. The experiment was carried out at Water Management Research Station, University of Agriculture, Jhang Road Faisalabad. Crop responses and salt variations were investigated under three treatments; firstly irrigation system (bed-furrow irrigation and drip irrigation systems), secondly water quality (good, marginal and poor quality waters), and thirdly irrigation frequency/interval (2, 4 and 6 days). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) arrangement with three replications of all levels of different treatments in the experiment. SALTMED model was used to estimate soil moisture profile, soil salinity profile and yield comparison for corn (Zea maize). Calibration and validation of SALTMED model was also carried out using field data of different irrigation water qualities and frequencies under drip and bed-furrow irrigation systems. Field observations suggest that plant height, dry matter weight, grain yield and harvest index were all quadratically related with irrigation frequency since the variables performed better in 2 and 6 day frequency plots compared with those of 4-day plots. This is, perhaps, due to the fact that soil solution remains in dilute form in 2-day as against 4-day frequency plots, whereas in 6-day plots, the applied water leached salts out of root zone. Good quality water improved plant dry matter weight by 11.7% and grain yield by 7%. Salinity build up was again a quadratic function of irrigation frequency where the salt level was again maximum in 4-day irrigation frequency plots with 10.3 and 17.5% higher EC values compared with those of 2 and 6-day frequency plots respectively. This partly explains the poor crop responses in the 4-day frequency plots discussed above. As a matter of fact the total quantity of salts is obviously same under all the three frequency plots but the distribution of salts in the soil profile varies. Crop parameters registered better performance for bed-furrow irrigated plots compared with drip irrigated ones in respect of plant height (1.0%), dry matter weight (5.8%) and corn yield (21.9%). The reason being the drift of salts away from the root zone of the plants explains the healthy plants in the bed-furrow xivirrigated plots. However the bed-furrow irrigation cannot be preferred as it consumes more water for crop maturity. SALTMED model version 2013 was calibrated for dry matter weight, grain yield, soil moisture and soil salinity under 2-day frequency and poor quality irrigation water. All the required meteorological data were acquired from University Weather Station, Irrigation File for the model was prepared using data from the field experiments, plant parameters required by the model either measured or acquired from other sources, crop coefficients (K c , K cb , fc) and other data like matric and osmotic potentials were generated using the model. After successful calibrations of model, it was validated for other sets of treatments. For validation, one of the treatments (good quality water with 2-day irrigation frequency) was discussed and the model results for other treatments are appended. The model has successfully handled different hydro-dynamic processes acting simultaneously in soil and its performance to predict total dry matter weight, grain yield, soil moisture and soil salinity profiles under different soil types, climatic conditions and irrigation management practices was acceptable. The percentage relative error calculated for observed and simulated corn yield was about 3.69%. Both Percent relative error and Pearson values were calculated and found strongly supporting the validity of model.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.