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88. Al-Ghashiyah/The Overpowering Event

88. Al-Ghashiyah/The Overpowering Event

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

88:01
a. Has the news of coming of the Overpowering Event reached you?

88:02
a. It will be the Time when some faces will be downcast with fear and shame -

88:03
a. having labored in the world only to weariness - with no payback in the Hereafter.

88:04
a. They will enter the Blazing Fire.

88:05
a. They will be made to drink from a boiling spring of extremely high temperatures.

88:06
a. They will have no food other than bitter dry thorns/cactus -

88:07
a. neither nourishing them nor appeasing their hunger.

88:08
a. While, at the same Time, some faces will be blessed,

88:09
a. pleased with their striving for righteousness during the worldly life,

88:10
a. dwelling in Paradise on high,

88:11
a. wherein they shall never hear any absurdity or frivolous talk,

88:12
a. therein will be flowing spring of fresh sweet water,

732 Surah 88 * Al-Ghashiyah

88:13
a. and couches raised high,

88:14
a. and cups set in place,

88:15
a. and cushions lined up behind them,

88:16
a. and rich carpets spread out beneath them.

88:17
a. Will they - who deny the Resurrection - not observe how the camels are created,

88:18
a. and the celestial realm -
b. how it was formed and raised...

توظيف وسائل الاتصال الحديثة في تعليم اللغة العربية

The Arabic language is the language of the Holy Quran, which has become an immortal language because of the immortality of the Holy Quran as it says: "Surely We have revealed the Reminder and We will most surely be its guardian." It is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, especially since the language is the means of communication among the peoples of the world. Communication and technological techniques in learning and teaching the Arabic language taking into account the elements of the educational process (student, teacher and curriculum), according to the requirements of the age, and the development of the mechanisms of teaching the Arabic language with modern technologies that keep up with the times and developments. The aim of the research is to explain the impact of modern means of communication on the teaching of the Arabic language according to several axes: definition of the language, definition of the language in Arabic and the strategy of its publication, the definition of the modern means of communication and their types in the teaching of the Arabic language. The analytical approach will be used in this study. The researcher concluded at the end of this study to prove that the Arabic language faces many challenges in light of the great progress of the modern means of communication and technical progress; and that there are many obstacles in the use of educational technology in the teaching of the Arabic language, which prevents the achievement of the objectives of education. Solutions to this problem are, thus, suggested so as to improve the Arabic language and maintain its position among the languages of the world.

Expression Profiling of Cotton Fiber Genes and Evaluation of Some Regulatory Sequences for Gene Expression in Dicots

Cotton fiber is the most important raw material used in textile industry throughout the world. Due to demand of good quality fiber for manufacture of fabrics, there is need to develop cotton varieties with improved fiber characteristics. Through conventional breeding, a number of cotton varieties have been developed. However, this technique has disadvantage of narrow germplasm and requirement of longer time period for selection of best lines. Using genetic engineering techniques, fiber genes may be directly introduced in cotton which may express under the control of certain promoters. Through gene expression profiles, tissue and developmental stage specific expression level of genes can be determined. Gene those have been expressed specifically in fibers or other tissues may be transformed to alter various characters. Upstream regulatory regions of theses gene may also be evaluated as promoter. Fully characterized promoters can be used as component of expression cassette for crop improvement through molecular breeding. Cotton fibers are unicellular seed trichomes and the largest known plant cells. Fiber development in cotton is a complex process involving a large number of genes expressed during each fiber development stage. The objective of the study was to determine expression level of fiber related genes in cotton. The expression level of eight fiber related genes (EXPANSIN, tubulins, LTP1, LTP3, LTP7, E6, SPS, and susy) was determined in cotton tissues using reverse transcriptase real time PCR. Three cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) lines of varying fiber length were used to study the effect of genotypes on gene expression. The results revealed that transcription level of most of genes elevated from 5 to 20 DPA fibers. All genes showed similar expression pattern in all three genotypes. However, EXPANSIN was found to be highly expressed in long fiber variety during rapid elongation period than in medium and short fiber length. Sucrose synthase showed high expression in 15-20 DPA fibers and roots. Expression data may help also to explore the role of particular gene in fiber development. On the basis of expression profiles, two genes (SPS and LTP7) were selected. Upstream sequences of both genes were retrieved through high through put genomic sequences (HTGS) and analyzed using bioinformatics tool. About 2 kb region upstream of SPS and 1.8 kb upstream of LTP7 gene were selected for promoter isolation. Patent BLAST results of SPS and LTP7 promoter sequences confirmed that both were novel regulatory regions. Analysis of both promoter sequences using plantCARE revealed basal promoter elements including TATA box and CAAT box. There were various light regulated motifs, MYB binding sites and stress related motifs. Various motifs related to transcription activation and tissue specific expression were also identified in both promoters. Analysis of promoter sequences using plantPAN identified binding sites for transcription factors including MYBS, ERELEE4, GAREAT, ABRELATERD1 and WBOXNTERF3. Both SPS and LTP7 promoters along with their deletion fragments were isolated from genomic DNA of cotton leaves. A 1.5 kb deletion fragment for SPS promoter was cloned in expression vector. Two 5′ deletion fragments for LTP7 promoter (1 kb and 1.5 kb) were also cloned. Transient GUS expression assay revealed that full length SPS and LTP7 promoters were active in fiber tissues. Deletion derivatives (1.5 kb) of both promoters showed relatively weak GUS expression in fiber tissues. However, 1 kb LTP7 promoter was highly active in fiber tissues. No GUS expression was detected in root, shoot and leaf tissues. Agrobacterium mediated transformation in tobacco revealed that SPS promoter exhibited GUS stain in tobacco leaves in the form of patches while its 1.5 kb deletion fragment showed much low expression. Full length LTP7 promoter along with 1 kb LTP7 showed high vascular tissues specific expression in tobacco leaves. The novel promoters may be used to derive fiber specific expression in cotton and vascular tissues specific expression in heterologous system. The indigenous promoters can be used for specific expression of transgenes without IPR issues.
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