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کتابیات

کتابیات
بنیادی مآخذ
۲۔شاعرؔصدیقی،کلیات شاعرؔصدیقی،رنگ ادب پبلی کیشنز،کراچی،اگست ۲۰۱۹ء
ثانوی مآخذ
انور جمال پروفیسر،ادبی اصطلاحات،طبع سوم،نشنل بک فاونڈیشن اسلام آباد،۲۰۱۳ء
افتخار احمد اخان،ڈاکٹر ،اصول تحقیق،شمع بکس پبلشرز،فیصل آباد،س ن
اظہار احمد،ڈاکٹر،اْردو غزل کے کچھ اہم ستون،کراؤن آفیسٹ،سبزی باغ پٹنہ ،بھارت،۱۹۹۶ء
ادریس صدیقی،اردو شاعری کا تنقیدی جائزہ،شیخ سنز،کراچی،۱۹۸۵ء
اخلاق دہلوی،علامہ،شمیم بلاغت،طبع ثانی،کتب خانہ انجمن ترقی اْردو،جامع مسجددہلی،۱۹۶۸ء
ثر مظہری،جدید نظم:حالی سے میراجی تک،مظہر پبلی کیشن،نئی دہلی،نومبر ۲۰۰۵ء
رفیع الدین ،ہاشمی،اصناف ادب،سنگ میل پبلیکیشنز،لاہور،۲۰۰۸ء
عطاء الرحمٰن،نوریؔ،اْردو اصناف ادب،سیفٹی آفیسٹ،پریس،مایگاوں،۲۰۱۶ء
عارف حسن خاں،ڈاکٹر،نصاب بلاغت،جے کے پرنٹرس،دہلی،۲۰۱۵ء
سلیم،اختر،ڈاکٹر،اْردو ادب کی مختصرترین تاریخ،سنگ میل پبلی کیشنز،لاہور۲۰۱۳ء
سعد کلیم اللہ،ڈاکٹر،اْردو غزل کی تہذیبی و فکری بنیادیں،گنج شکرپریس،لاہور،۲۰۱۵ء
ساحل احمد،اردو نظم اور اس کی قسمیں،اردو رائٹرس گلڈ،الہ آباد،۱۹۹۷ء
سنبل نگار،ڈاکٹر، اردو شاعری کا تنقیدی مطالعہ،دارالنور،لاہور،۲۰۰۳ء
سید عابد علی ،عابدؔ،البیان،طبع اول،زرین آرٹ پریس لاہور،۱۹۸۹ء
سید عابدعلی،عابدؔالبدیع،طبع اول،اظہر سنز پرنٹر،لٹن روڈ ،لاہور،۱۹۸۵ء
سید عبداللہ،ڈاکٹر،ولی سے اقبال تک،سنگ میل پبلی کیشنز لاہور،۲۰۰۰ء
شبیر،ناقدؔ،نقدفن،رنگ ادب پبلی کیشنز،کراچی،۲۰۱۱ء
شہزاداحمد،ڈاکٹر،اْردو نعت پاکستان میں،حمد ونعت ریسرچ فاونڈیشن،اْردو بازار،کراچی،طبع اول،۲۰۱۴ء
شمس الرحمٰن فاروقی،اْردو غزل کے اہم موڑ،اصلیہ آفیسٹ پریس،دریا گنج نئی دہلی،بھارت،۱۹۹۷ء
عفّت زرّیں،ڈاکٹر،جدید غزل،دارالشعور پبلی کیشنز لاہور،۲۰۱۵ء
بادت بریلوی،ڈاکٹر،جدید شاعری،ایجوکیشنل بْک ہاؤس،علی گڑھ،۱۹۳۸ء
عبدالباری،مولانا،کلیاتِ نظیر،نول کشور پریس،لکھنؤ،۱۹۵۱ء
عبدالقادر سروری،جدید اردو شاعری،انجمن امداد باہمی مکتبہ ابرا ہیمیہ،حید آباد دکن،۱۹۳۲ء
غفور شاہ قاسم، پروفیسر، پاکستانی ادب، بْک ٹاک،لاہور،۱۹۹۵ء
فراق گورکھپوری،اْردو غزل گوئی،نصرت بلیشرز ،لکھنؤ،بھارت،۱۹۹۸ء
فرمان،فتح پوری،ڈاکٹر،اْردو رباعی،طبع،دوم،مکتب عالیہ،ایبک روڈ انارکلی، لاہور،۱۹۳۸ء
طارق ہاشمی،اْردو غزل نئی تشکیل،س،ن
گیان چند،ڈاکٹر،اْردو غزل ہندوستانی ذہن و تہذیب،قومی کونسل برائے فروغ اْردو زبان،نئی دہلی۲۰۰۲ء
محمدخاں اشرف،ڈاکٹر،رومانیت،سنگ میل پبلی کیشنز،لاہور،۲۰۱۲ء
محمد عبدلحفیظ،قتیلؔ،ڈاکٹر،معیار غزل۔اعجازپرینٹنگ پرس چھتہ بازار حیدرآباد دکن،۱۹۶۱ء
محمدخاں،اشرفؔ،ڈاکٹر،رومانیت،سنگ میل پبلی کشینز لاہور،۲۰۱۲ء
محمد عسکری،آئینہ بلاغت،صدیق بک ڈپو،لکھنو،بھارت،۱۹۳۷ء
مزمل حسین،ڈاکٹر،اْردو میں علم بیان اور علم بدیع کے مباحث:تحقیقی وتنقیدی جائزہ،پنجاب یونیورسٹی،۲۰۰۵
رسائل
تخلیق، ماہنامہ،لاہوراگست ۲۰۰۴ء
رنگ ادب،سہ ماہی،شاعرصدیقی نمبر،کراچی،جولائی تا ستمبر،۲۰۰۶ء
سرگزشت، ماہنامہ،کراچی، اگست،۲۰۱۶ء
فنون،سہ ماہی،لاہور،جنوری تا اپریل،۲۰۰۴ء
فنون،سہ ماہی، لاہور،نومبر تا دسمبر۲۰۰۴ء
قومی زبان، ماہنامہ،کراچی،اپریل۲۰۰۴ء
اخبارات
روزنامہ،الاخبار...

خاندانی تعلقات میں نفقہ کا اسلامی تصور

In human life, family relations are of basic importance. In the Islamic Law, the proportion of rights and obligations amongst the relatives is in accordance with human nature. The nature of relations amongst family members has been brought into light with Islamic and Natural perspectives. Amongst those rights and obligations, the responsibility for expense is of primary importance, because its clear understanding illustrates the reality of all the family relations which causes the positive effects on the whole society. In this article, by discussing the expense (rights and obligations) of relatives, the Islamic instructions, basic philosophy, general effects, necessity and its importance has been brought into light. All facts have been presented under two heads of expense (rights) of wife and expense (rights) of the relatives. But, in the light of Quran and Hadith, it has been agreed by all the Islamic Jurisprudents, upon the necessity/obligation/ compulsion of the right of expense for the relatives just like the right of expense for a wife. In this article and attempt has been made to clarify that, in a family setup, how much importance has to be given to the rights and duties/obligations of a wife?

Incremental Learning Based Classification for Facial Expression Recognition

The present study focuses on the facial expression recognition. Communication is fundamental to humans. Many scientific research studies have shown that most part of the human communication is nonverbal (55% to 93%). The next generation computing; such as, pervasive computing, and ambient intelligence, needs to develop human- centered systems that readily react to multimodal human communication occurring naturally. This bulk of information through nonverbal communication is ignored in traditional human-computer-interaction (HCI) and sufficed on user''s intentional input only. A system is needed, which has the ability to identify and realize the intentions and emotions as expressed by social and affective indicators. The research on facial expression recognition (FER) has been under focus in computer vision field for a couple of decades; however, there are many questions that need to be answered. This thesis addressed a few of them. Facial expressions are of two types; spontaneous and posed. The present study showed that these two types of expressions are different in many aspects. The factors such as lighting, pose, head movement, cultural variations etc. make spontaneous expressions more difficult and challenging to recognize. The objective of the study is to develop a system that is robust enough to such variations. A major deficiency in FER area is the unavailability of a database that can be a representative of all such variations. Researchers believe that this goal is far away to be achieved. So, in the absence of such database, we proposed incremental learning as a good alternate solution. With the incremental learning capability, the proposed systems have ability to adjust themselves in any environment and culture. Furthermore, we started to develop a facial expression database for various cultures. We proposed three FER systems based on incremental learning and conducted a vast range of experimentation and comparisons. A multinomial classifier is proposed and developed to optimize the nearest neighbor classifier based on template matching. Various similarity measures are studied and compared. A dynamically weighted majority voting (DWMV) mechanism is proposed to create better generalization in ensemble systems that is necessary for real world scenarios. Diversity is probably the most desired property of ensemble based systems. We proposed and developed a diversity boosting based algorithm to construct ensemble classifier for high performance. Detailed performance comparisons on widely adopted facial expression databases along with spontaneous vs posed expression comparisons are performed. Most studies in this area used same databases for training and testing, and showed good results with no cross dataset evaluations. We conducted a vast range of experiments on six benchmark databases (MUG, MMI, CK, CK+, FEEDTUM, JAFFE) plus our own multi-cultural database. Cross database experiments performed and showed soundness of our proposed systems. We compared the results of our proposed systems with latest and previously proposed FER techniques. The results showed the soundness of our proposed methods. All these investigations and contributions provide useful insight into enhancing the robustness and efficiency of FER systems, and making them to perform better in real world applications.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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