Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

Foreword One

The Qur’an is a Message that encompasses the essence of all the previous Divine Revelations since the beginning of time, and it will ring true till the end of time. The process of Divine Guidance was initiated with the inauguration of human existence on the earth and Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was the last Messenger to be the savior of humanity, signaling the end of Divine Revelations and the Prophethood.

 

It may not be unfair to consider all former Divine Revelations a prologue for the Qur’an and all former Prophets being sent to prepare us for the arrival of Muhammad - the Seal and Gem of a Prophet - peace be upon him.

 

Millions of pages have been written to make the words of the Qur’an easily comprehensible by societies by and large in order to facilitate the use of The Book and the lessons it contains in all its wisdom and help humanity in the application of its lessons and verdicts to the capricious conditions of life.

 

In being the ultimate miracle of Allah – the Exalted and Merciful - and the abiding evidence of Allah’s Grace and Mercy, it unfolds the realities of the past and also miraculously guides human thought and action.

 

Its Message transcends the boundaries of space and time and will enter eschatological stages with mankind as a manifestation of Divine Communication with humanity.

 

It is a difficult task to bring about a comprehensive explanation of the Qur’an: an endeavor that has been a challenge for Muslim scholars since the time Shah Wali Allah first...

پاکستان میں رائج زرعی نظام کا شرعی جائزہ

Islam has provided guidance in agriculture like any other field of life. Agriculture provides food and nourishment to men, animals and birds. Pakistan is an agricultural land. Out of total grass root of Pakistan economy, 80% depends upon the agriculture. Agriculture is the production of food, feed and fiber by the systematic harvesting of plants and animals. The history of agriculture is a central element of human history. The article deals with the study of Muslims’ contribution to agriculture especially the Prophetic and four caliphs’ time. The Prophet r initiated the development of a sophisticated system of irrigation, and the Caliphs Hazrat Umar R. A and Hazrat Uthman R. A suggested revolution in agricultural reforms. The Islamic rules on land ownership and labor rights, alongside the recognition of private ownership and introduction of share cropping created by incentives to engage in agriculture. The present system prevailing in Pakistan has several short comings. Landlordism and poverty of cultivators who are generally uneducated, absence of heavy machinery for cultivation and small holdings also create problem.

Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Cefixime in Healthy Male and Female Volunteers

In present study pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two brands of cefixime i.e. Cefspan and Ceforal-3 were investigated in adult healthy female and male subjects. Plasma concentration of Cefixime was determined by HPLC method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated following one compartment open model. The half life values were found 3.99±0.54 hr and 3.12±0.39 hr in local adult female subjects and 5.01±0.361 hr and 4.72±0.72 hr in healthy adult male subjects following administration of Cefspan and Ceforal-3, respectively. The values of Vd in local adult female and male volunteers were 1.38±0.22 l/kg and 1.10±0.15 l/kg, respectively, for Cefspan and 1.36±0.17 l/kg and 1.29±0.21 l/kg, respectively, for Ceforal-3. The values of ClB for Cefspan and Ceforal-3 were 0.27±0.02 l/hr/kg and 0.31±0.02 l/hr/kg, respectively, in local females and 0.16±0.02 l/hr/kg and 0.21±0.04 l/hr/kg, respectively, in local males. The values of Cmax were found 2.24±0.23 μg/ml and 2.08±0.16 μg/ml in local adult female subjects and 2.93±0.24 μg/ml and 2.53±0.31 μg/ml in healthy adult male subjects for cefspan and ceforal-3, respectively. The values of Tmax were 4.05±0.35 hr and 4.11±0.16 hr for cefspan and 3.87±0.32 hr and 3.95±0.26 hr for Ceforal-3 after oral administration in local adult female and male volunteers, respectively. The values of AUC for Cefspan and Ceforal -3 were 27.12±2.25 μg.hr/ml and 23.99±1.07 μg.hr/ml, respectively, in local females and 36.58±3.10 μg.hr/ml and 32.99±5.01 μg.hr/ml, respectively, in local males. In indigenous male and female human beings, pharmacokinetic and bioavailability parameters of cefixime showed different values than those reported in literature reflecting environmental and genetic influence. Pharmacokinetic and bioavailability parameters of cefixime also showed gender variation. Moreover both brands of cefixime used in present study were found bioequivalent in either gender.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.