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مولانا فضل اﷲ الگیلانی

سید فضل اﷲ الگیلانی
افسوس ہے ہماری بزم علم وفضل کی ایک اورشمع روشن بجھ گئی، یعنی ۲۳/مئی کو مولانا سید فضل اﷲ الگیلانی نے۷۸ برس کی عمر میں علی گڑھ میں وفات پائی اور یونیورسٹی کے قبرستان میں مدفون ہوئے۔اناﷲ واناالیہ راجعون۔حضرت مولانا محمد علی مونگیری جن کاسلسلۂ نسب باپ کی طرف سے حضرت شیخ عبدالقادر جیلانی تک پہنچتا ہے مولانا کے دادا تھے۔ والد یعنی مولوی احمد علی کاانتقال جوانی میں ہوگیا جب کہ مولانا صرف سات برس کے تھے، اس لیے دادا نے آپ کو تربیت میں لے لیا اورمونگیر میں رہ کرآپ نے علوم دینیہ واسلامیہ کی تکمیل کی۔ بعض کتابوں کا درس مفتی عبداللطیف سے بھی لیا جوبعد میں آپ کے خسر بھی ہوگئے۔ تعلیم سے فراغت کے بعد عثمانیہ یونیورسٹی حیدرآباد کے شعبۂ دینیات میں لیکچرر ہوئے۔ ۱۹۵۶ء میں،۱۹۵۷ء میں ریڈر اورصدر شعبہ کی حیثیت سے سبکدوش ہوئے۔اس کے بعد آپ نے کاروبار شروع کردیا اور ملازمت کبھی نہیں کی۔
مولانا علم وفضل کے اعتبار سے سلف صالحین کانمونہ تھے استعداد نہایت پختہ، مطالعہ بے حد وسیع اورنظر دقیق تھی۔ان کوسب علوم سے یکساں مناسبت تھی، مطالعہ اور درس کے دھنی تھے، لکھتے کم تھے مگر جب کبھی لکھا بہت خوب لکھا، چنانچہ امام بخاری کی کتاب’’ ادب المفرد‘‘ کی جوشرح دوجلدوں میں مرحوم نے لکھی اورمدینہ سے شائع ہوئی ہے۔تحقیق اوردقت نظر کاشاہکار ہے۔ اس کے علاوہ چند چھوٹے بڑے رسالے جو بعض جزئی مسائل پرلکھے گئے ان میں بھی تحقیق کی یہی شان ہے۔ عملاً نہایت عابدوزاہد اورصاحب اورادوظائف، جماعت سے نمازادا کرنے کااہتمام سخت معذوری کی حالت میں بھی کرتے تھے۔ اخلاق وعادات کے اعتبار سے بڑے متواضع،خوش مزاج،باوضع اورقلندر منش انسان تھے۔ضرورت مندوں کی مدد کرنے میں انہیں خوشی محسوس ہوتی تھی۔ برسوں سے دارالعلوم دیوبند کی مجلس شوری کے ممبر تھے اُس کے جلسوں میں پابندی...

حديث أُمرت أن أقاتل الناس حتى يشهدوا: دراسة في حرية الاعتقاد والفعل

One of the greatest epistemological accomplishments that Muslims have achieved is the establishment of an accurate system of deriving rulings from Sharia texts, which is known as ‘principles of jurisprudence’ or Usūl ul Fiq. Among the significant contents of these subject is dealing with the text which apparently contradicts to other basic principles of Islam or objectives of Sharī’ah. The job of a jurist becomes more significant and difficult in devising the judgments and interpreting the texts as reported by the fundamentalists: inquiring the validity of the texts, finding its weakness with respect to strong argument, and comparing them in terms of authenticity. Other times, he tries to reconcile between the contradictions by keeping in view a meaning consistent with Sharī’ah. The application of these principles gave birth to the variety and diversity of opinions on account of Ijtihād. Keeping in view the above preamble, the author addressed one of the famous Ahadith of Holy Prophet PBUH: “I have been ordered to fight against the people until they testify.”. This saying of Holy Prophet PBUH attracted Muslim thinkers in past and present to address its meanings and application. Likewise some related debate has emerged in the modern period as regards whether the term "people" in the hadith is used generically or specifically - forcing these people to Islam after defeating? The author in this context, addressed the terminology of hadith, its apparent contradiction with the principles of Sharī’ah, legal maxims, provisions, diverse interpretations, and added his own opinion. Descriptive and qualitative research approach was employed for the collection, demonstration and analysis of data.

Serological Characterization and Molecular Diversity of Citrus Tristeza Virus Ctv from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Kp and Punjab Provinces of Pakistan

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is a plant pathogenic virus belonging to the genus Closterovirus and family Closteroviridae. It is transmitted by vegetative propagation and by several aphid species. It has been reported that CTV has killed millions of citrus trees worldwide. CTV has previously been reported in Pakistan. A survey was carried out in the year 2014 and 1260 random samples were tested from six districts of Punjab and seven districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Results from DAS-ELISA revealed incidence of 28.3 percent in Punjab and 30.8 percent in KP. Seventy symptomatic samples from both the provinces were collected and tested through DAS-ELISA. The major coat protein coding gene of CTV from forty-eight ELISA positive samples were amplified, cloned into pGEM®-T Easy vector, sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was carried out. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed 90-100% similarity within indigenous forty-eight isolates, 91.1 to 100 percent similarity with six isolates previously reported from Pakistan and 97.7 to 99.7 percent similarity with T3 USA, VT USA, VT Israel, RB New Zealand, VT India and an Indian isolate of unknown genotype. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree indicated that CTV population is diverse in Pakistan with different isolates consisting of one major isolate, T3, and three minor isolates, VT, RB, and VT IND. The most common group (T3 like) is comprised of 42 Pakistani isolates including 36 of our samples and is dispersed all over the country irrespective of the region and province. The remaining three groups are related to VT Israel, VT India and RB New Zealand confined to specific regions. One coat protein gene sequence from the major clade were selected and expressed in E. coli Expression system. The expressed protein was purified and used to raise antibodies in rabbits. Our own produced antisera was tested by DAC-ELISA with the infected and healthy plant tissues. The ELISA readings showed positive results with the infected tissues from Pakistan and USA and negative results with the healthy tissues which confirmed the authenticity of antisera. Results indicated that our prepared antisera is more specific and sensitive against Pakistani CTV isolates as compare to commercially available kit. ELISA readings showed difference in reactivity between the antiserum from two rabbits. No difference in the ELISA readings were observed among five bleeds at the same dilution factor which revealed no difference in the antibody titer among the bleeds. Antisera was also tested against four different dilutions of plant extracts and results showed the sensitivity of one antiserum up to 1/100 of the plant extract. We can use the antisera for the indexing of trees in Pakistan and certification schemes could be introduced to reduce the spread of the virus in the country.
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