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2 ۔حدِ قذف

2 ۔حدِ قذف
قذف کا لغوی معنی پھینکنا ہے، جیسا کہ ابن فارس لکھتے ہیں
"القاف والذال والفاء أصلٌ يدلُّ على الرَّمي والطَّرح. يقال: قَذَفَ الشَّيءَ يقذِفُه قذْفاً، إذا رمى به۔ "91
"اس کا مادہ ہے " قَذَفَ " جو پھینکنے اور ایک طرف ہونے پر دلا لت کرتا ہے، جیسے کہا جاتا ہے کہ فلاں نے یہ چیز پھینکی جب وہ اس کو پھینکے ۔ "
پھینکنا ، دے مارنا بھی قذف کا مفہوم ہے ، جیسا کہ ابن منظور افریقی کے نزدیک قذف کا مفہوم یوں ہے
"قذَفَ بالشيء يَقْذِف قَذْفاً فانْقَذَف رمى والتَّقاذُفُ الترامي ۔ ۔ وقوله تعالى قل إن ربي يَقْذِفُ بالحق۔ "92
"کسی چیز کو پھینکا ، اور تقاذف کا معنی ہے آپس میں تیر اندازی کرنا ۔۔۔اور اللہ تعالیٰ کا فرمان ہے کہ دیجئے بے شک میرا رب حق کو باطل پر دے مارتا ہے۔ "
اصطلاحی مفہوم
کسی پر تہمت لگانے یا عیب لگانے کو قذف کہتے ہیں، جیسا کہ راغب اصفہانی تحریر کرتے ہیں
"القذف الرمی البعید۔ واستعیر القذف للشتم والعیب کما الستعیر الرمی۔"93
"پھینکنا ، تہمت لگانا ، قذف کا لفظ بطور استعارہ گالی دینے اور عیب لگانے کے معنی میں استعمال ہوتا ہے۔ "
کسی پر چار گواہوں کی عدم موجودگی میں زنا کی تہمت لگانا قذف کہلاتا ہے ،جیسے ابن قدامہ لکھتے ہیں
"القذف هو الرمي بالزنا۔ "94
"کسی پر زنا کی تہمت لگانا قذف کہلاتا ہے ۔ "
قذف کی حرمت
شریعت محمدی ﷺ میں کسی زنا کا الزام یا تہمت لگانے کو ایک شنیع جرم قرار دیا گیا ہے کیونکہ اس طرح پورے معاشرے میں انسان کی عزت و عفت پر داغ لگ جاتا ہے اور اسے رسوائی کا سامنا کرنا پڑتا ہے۔ اسی وجہ سے اللہ تعالیٰ نے قاذف کو ملعون قرار دیا ، جیسا کہ ارشاد باری تعالیٰ...

Preferences of Filipino and Foreign College Students Towards Online Translation Tools

Technological advancement makes translation convenient due to the emergence of various translation tools. This Explanatory-Sequential study aims to determine the preference and the factors affecting the preference of Filipino and Foreign college students toward the Online Translation Tool. Likewise, it also aimed to identify if there is a significant difference between the respondents' choices. To acquire the data, the researchers used a survey conducted on 15 Filipino and foreign collegiate students enrolled in universities in Manila and a focus group discussion among 3 Filipino students. The transcribed data were analyzed using Thematic Analysis. Moreover, the results of the quantitative data revealed that Google Translate was the preferred Online Translation Tool of Filipino and Foreign students for the reason of accessibility, user-friendliness, and the tendency of users to brand bias. The reasons presented in quantitative data are strengthened by the themes identified in the qualitative data. The three prevailing themes of Brand Bias, Accessibility, and Accuracy constituted the central theme of User Friendliness. It was identified through the Chi-Square Test that there is no significant difference among respondents' preferences (0.345 P-Value) toward online Translation software.

Role of Women Organizations in Development: A Case Study of Akrsp Development Projects in Northern Areas of Pakistan

The historical quarry for a lasting solution to the problem of rural development has led scholars and development planners to the realization that without a participatory approach, especially the participation of women in the developmental process, all the development efforts are inequitable and non-sustainable. Because of this truth, a participatory approach acquires universal importance and like many other less developed countries, a number of participatory initiatives were supported in Pakistan. With respect to participatory initiatives in Pakistan, Aga Khan Rural Supports Program (AKRSP) is one of the main contributors who has made valuable contributions in promoting rural development through community participation. The main focus of AKRSP is on fostering village organizations (VOs) and women organizations (WOs) and linking them with development institutions to accelerate the process of development. The prime rationale of the following study is to visualize the composite role of Women Organizations (WOs) in the socio-economic development both at micro and macro levels in Northern Areas (NAs) of Pakistan because as a part of the world wide range of development activities in NAs, WOs established by AKRSP, were conceived a new approach to development especially for women living in extreme poverty. The present study has drawn on a broad spectrum of case studies and experiences in Northern Areas of Pakistan to evaluate the economic interventions of Aga Khan Rural Support Program (AKRSP) which are implemented with the participation of local women A multistage random sampling technique is used to select the districts, number of villages and then interviewees. For this study the data was collected through interviewing xxi the two groups of women i.e., “registered and non-registered”. The data is analyzed using different statistical techniques including multiple regression, paired t-test and poverty gap index. The study concludes that AKRSP plays a major role in the socio-economic development of rural women and hence in rural development through credit and savings schemes, providing training in different fields of agriculture and also by social mobilization.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
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