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راما نجم

مسٹر رامانجم

            اس وقت دنیا کا سب سے بڑا ریاضی دان ایک ہندوستانی تھا، مسٹر رامانجم کی بابت، جس کے کمالات ریاضیہ کا ذکر آج سے ٹھیک ایک سال قبل معارف میں آچکا ہے، بعض علماء فن کا خیال تھا کہ نیوٹن کے بعد سے دنیا میں اس دماغ کا ریاضی دان نہیں پیدا ہوا ہے اور اس کا تو سب کو اعتراف تھا کہ انھوں نے بعض وہ مسائل حل کردیئے جو پوری ایک صدی سے لاینحل چلے آرہے تھے، سخت افسوس ہے کہ ماہ گذشتہ میں اسی ہستی نے دق میں مبتلا ہوکر دنیا کو اپنے فیض سے ہمیشہ کے لئے محروم کردیا، مرحوم کا سن کل ۳۲ سال کا تھا۔

خوش درخشید ولے دولت مستعجمل بود

(جون ۱۹۲۰ء)

مدراس کے نامور ریاضی دان رامانجم کی خبر وفات کسی پچھلے معارف میں درج ہوچکی ہے، یورپ کے اعلیٰ علمی رسائل مدت تک ان کے ماتم میں سوگوار رہے، اور متعدد ماہرین فن کے قلم نے اس حادثہ عظیم پر علم و فن کی جانب سے فریضۂ تعزیت ادا کیا، کیمبرج یونیورسٹی کے مشہور پروفیسر جی،ایچ، ہارڈی نے سائنٹفک ہفتہ وار نیچر میں جو تعزیت نامہ شائع کیا ہے، اس میں بار بار اس قسم کے فقرہ ملتے ہیں۔ ’’یہ بالکل یقینی ہے کہ مرحوم کی مہندسانہ فضیلت اعلیٰ ترین پایہ کی تھی اور وہ ایک استشنائی قوت فکر و اجتہاد کا شخص تھا‘‘۔ اس کے تقریباً بیس مقالات شائع ہوئے، جنھوں نے زمانۂ جنگ ہی میں تمام دنیائے ریاضیات کو اپنی جانب متوجہ کرلیا‘‘۔ اس کے پیش نظر صرف وہ مسائل تھے، جن تک معدددے چند افراد کی رسائی ہوسکتی ہے‘‘۔ اس کی قوت استنباط بالکل حیرت انگیز تھی، جس کی کوئی نظیر کسی یوروپین ریاضی دان میں...

الخطاب الوسطي في الإسلام: قراءة في تحليل مقاصده و أسبابه ما بين الماضي والحاضر

The wasaṭiyyah (Islamic moderation) concept is deep-rooted in Islam. It is a straight path, a good between two evils; it maintains balance between the two extremes of excess and deficiency, and between fanaticism and negligence. Moderation was widely practiced with the advent of Islam. It was a noteworthy aspect of people’s day to day life and conducts. The term wasaṭiyyah (moderation) emerged in the early eighties. It was initially introduced by Shiekh Yūsuf Al-Qaraḍāwī. He used it in his books and discourses, and gradually it become very prevalent. Few factors resulted in widespread use of the term, the main factor is the western systematic campaign against Islam and Muslims to distort their image and label them with terrorism and extremism. Therefore, they frequently used the term wasaṭiyyah to prove themselves against these accusations. Another factor is the current situation in most Muslim countries and their struggle with social and political injustice which turns Muslim youth to extremism and terrorism that is why Muslim scholars and reformers, through their moderate discourse, stood up and condemned fanaticism and radical ideology. All that made the term wasaṭiyyah widely used by different people from all walks of life, and each has its aims and intentions behind embracing the moderate discourse and raising the flag of wasaṭiyyah (moderation).

Indo-Us Strategic Partnership: Implications for Pakistan

In the international system there is often an interplay of states and systems where two or more states partner up in order to change an existing system. The India-US partnership works in a similar fashion because it is a partnership of two states and it has made some alterations in the regional as well as international system. The US used to be the old allied partner of Pakistan and because of its own variations in the national interests and greater strategic purposes; it has now developed cooperation with India. This partnership has many dimensions to it; there are economic aspects, political motives, security factors, military and defense needs and most of all strategic grounds. This makes the ultimate reason of USIndia cooperation one where greater strategic characteristics exist, i.e. every aspect is then held by the thread of strategic partnership. Afghanistan issue, trade balance, space, IT, curtailing Chinese influence in South Asia and most of all defense and nuclear motives take the pedestal of the greater strategic motivations. Yet this is not as much of an asymmetric relationship. There is truth to the fact that Pakistan will be at a setback because of the US withdrawal of interest in being its partner but there are so many more ways in which the implications for this relationship will be positive for it as well. For one thing, Pakistan and China will be working on making their bond a stronger one and this vacancy of a foreign ally can be filled. Furthermore, this gives Pakistan plenty of chances to rethink its foreign policy agenda and turn from West to East. Pakistan can make structural changes and fixate itself with Russia, China, Iran and CARs to gain a strategic and security advantage. This will work well even for Pakistan’s Afghanistan policy and schemata in which Pakistan can grasp at a more individualistic role. The US-India partnership will also push for some changes on the regional level as there are bound to be many re-alignments as well. This study does not just discuss the US-India partnership in a factual and historic analytical manner but also focuses on the ‘can-be’ aspect of Pakistan in the contemporary present and the near future as well.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
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