Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Al-Basirah > Volume 6 Issue 1 of Al-Basirah

توجيهات نبوية لتعزيز المسؤولية الاجتماعية لدى الشباب |
Al-Basirah
Al-Basirah

Loading...
Issue Details
Id Article Title Authors Vol Info Year
Id Article Title Authors Vol Info Year
Similar Articles
Loading...
Similar Article Headings
Loading...
Similar Books
Loading...
Similar Chapters
Loading...
Similar Thesis
Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

ضیا شاہد

ضیاء شاہد
(چیف ایڈیٹر ’’خبریں‘‘)
ویکھ ضیاء شاہد نے ہے ’’خبریں‘‘ اخبار نکالا
ایہ تے ہیگا ظلم نوں اُکا مار مکاون والا

فرعوناں دے ظلم توں جس نے کئی مظلوم نکالے
دین دعائیں جنھاں دکھڑے ون سونے جالے
من گئے شاہد دی محنت نوں سب اخباراں والے
ایس ضیاء شاہد دا بس اللہ ہی ہے رکھوالا

جتھے جتھے وی دھرتی تے ظلم دی ہے پچھ پیندی
فر خبریں اخبار دی ٹیم ہے اس تھاہریں جا ویندی
ظالم دی اکھاں وچ اکھاں پا کے ایہ گل کہندی
ظلم غریب تے کیوں کر ڈھایا ، کیوں بھانبھڑ ہے بالا

وڈ وڈیرے جد غریباں اُتے ظلم نیں ڈھاندے
حاکم رل کے ظالم نال انصاف توں نیں کتراندے
آسں امیداں والے بوہے جد نیں بند ہو جاندے
کھلا رکھے دفتر اپنا ایہ نہ لاوے تالا

خبریں دے جو ہین نمائندے ایہناں وچ اچھائی
جھوٹ فریب نہ دھوکہ ہرگز ہر گل وچ سچائی
ایسے لئی خبریں اخبار نے جگ وچ شہرت پائی
شاہد نوں رب صحت دے جو پچھے غریب دا حالا

قادری سائیںؔ رب توں ایہو کردا نت دعا
ضیاء شاہد نوں سوہنا سائیں ہمت کرے عطا
جیہڑا یار غریباں دا کردا ہے انت بھلا
وچ ارائیاں ایس گھرانے دا اُچا ہے بول بالا

Group Conformity and Individuals’ Behavior Towards Adopting Sectarian Identities

Religion is considered as an integral part of individuals’ daily routine practices in the society. People perform religious obligations very rigorously and avoid all the religiously declared prohibited acts. This current study aims, to identify the role of group conformity towards adopting sectarian identities by individuals with the emphasis of exploring the practices of sectarian identities that causes an environment of inter-group disintegration in the community. This study will be significant in recommending initiatives that can create an environment of harmony between people belonging to different sectarian believers. Qualitative research method was applied to analyze group conformity and individuals’ behavior towards practicing sectarian identities. Population was based on rural setup of Manddi Faiẓ Abad. Twelve participants were selected through purposive sampling technique. Structured interview guide was used as data collection tool and themes was extracted to describe existing trends and patterns regarding group conformity and sectarian identity construction. Results revealed efficacious role of group conformity to encourage individuals towards adopting and practicing any particular sectarian identity in the society. Results highlighted that, desire of getting religious hegemony and supremacy with the courtesy of group conformity that make individuals intolerant on sectarian grounds and creates an environment of disintegration in the society. Sectarian difference not only creates religious

Modelling of Tlr4 and Jak/Stat Signalling Pathways and Protein-Protein Interaction Studies to Examine the Pathophysiology of Sepsis

In this thesis, the medical condition of sepsis is considered at molecular level (signalling pathways) using computational systems-level approaches in order to get insights into the mechanism of disease progression. Sepsis is the pathological condition provoked due to the presence of bacterial endotoxin in the bloodstream. Subsequently Toll like receptors (TLR)4 and JAK/STAT signalling pathways attempt to reduce the pathogen burden by inducing pro- and anti-inflammatory innate immune responses. However, in some instances, an overwhelmed immune system could not properly regulate the balance between infection and inflammation that may ultimately lead to organ damage and consequently to death. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of literature on the pattern of pro- and anti-inflammatory response elicited during sepsis, though; there has been a little agreement on the roles of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines (AiCyts) in sepsis. This study mainly aims to address the controversy behind roles of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in sepsis by modelling the signalling pathway of TLR4 and one of the connected signalling cascades of JAK/STAT using qualitative modelling approach introduced by René Thomas’. The possible system dynamics of TLR4-JAK/STAT signalling pathways are produced for two medical conditions i.e. non-sepsis (type of infections that generally do not cause sepsis) and sepsis along with perturbations in these two cases. As a result, recurrent induction and inactivation of pro-inflammatory cytokines is found as the basic feature associated with sepsis. Besides AiCyts, IFN-β and SOCS-1 are found to mediate down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines at different stages of signalling which cause variation of pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. It is observed that intervention in IFN-β mediated down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines at earlier stages of system dynamics, while intervening the SOCS-1 mediated down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines at later stages ensures hyper-inflammatory condition. On the other hand, interventions in TLR4, NFκB (transcription factor involved in the TLR4 1 Abstract signalling pathway) and JAK/STAT signalling are good choices for supporting the anti-inflammatory immune responses. Thus only possible protein-protein interactions involved in the initial downstream interactions of TLR4 signalling are studied in order to predict a more appropriate target in these interactions. Previous studies indicated that MyD88 adaptor-like protein (MAL) is an endogenous adaptor protein recognized as an important protein involved in the induction of TLR4 mediated downstream signalling pathway. Moreover, it has also been demonstrated that BTK and PKCδ phosphorylate MAL (positions Tyr86 and Tyr106) which ultimately activates MAL. Thus the modelling of PKCδ and protein-protein interactions of both BTK and PKCδ with MAL is performed in order to explore their competitive interaction. Molecular docking and physicochemical analysis reveals that PKCδ may phosphorylate only Tyr106 of MAL, while BTK may phosphorylate MAL at both positions. Interestingly, the charge and hydrophobicity at interfaces of PKCδ and BTK are found different in nature yet well-compatible with the individual positions of Tyr86 and Tyr106 of MAL. The most prominent findings emerged from this analysis is that position Tyr86 of MAL may explicitly be phosphorylated by BTK, while position Tyr106 of MAL may be phosphorylated by the competing interest of both PKCδ and BTK. In conclusion, this thesis will enhance our understanding about the signalling and protein-protein interactions involved in sepsis which will contribute to the development of drugs and vaccines against the medical condition of sepsis.