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Home > Al-Basirah > Volume 3 Issue 2 of Al-Basirah

قیام امن اور مذہبی ہم آہنگی |
Al-Basirah
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درد تو سارے لکھ ڈالے ہیں

درد تو سارے لکھ ڈالے ہیں
کیوں نہیں تھمتے پھر نالے ہیں

دل کے بند اِن تہ خانوں میں
لگتے رہتے اب جالے ہیں

اُجلے اُجلے اِن چہروں کے
اندر کتنے ہی کالے ہیں

میں صدمات سے کیسے نکلوں
گرد مرے غم کے ہالے ہیں

لگتے ہیں جنت کے باسی
جو تیرے کوچے والے ہیں

چہرہ، آنکھیں، خوشبو، لہجہ
اُس کے وار کے سب آلے ہیں

وہ کیا عشق کی سرگم جانیں
بے سُر ہیں جو، بے تالے ہیں

Endoscopic Versus Open Radial Artery Harvesting Used in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, Our Experience at Queen Alia Heart Institute Endoscopic versus open radial artery harvesting used in coronary artery

Coronary artery stenosis bypass by using radial artery is good techniques which have longer outcomes. In coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) the radial artery has several advantages. The radial artery has a thick muscular wall which is more susceptibleto contraction from the competitive flow. As compared to the open harvesting technique endoscopic harvest of the radial artery has long lasting cosmetic results it also reduces the post-operative complications. The purpose of the study is to compare the two harvesting techniques and compare the short term and long term results related to intra-operative and post-operative outcomes Methods: This is retrospective study (In Queen Alia Heart Institute, Amman, Jordan) to compare endoscopic radial artery technique versus open technique by reviewing patients files through a period between June 2013 and June 2018. Total 50 patients of CABG surgery was selected they were divided into two groups. Group A includes endoscopic radial harvest (n= 10) and Group B includes open harvest (n=40). Data was collected on predesigned Performa. Data were entered and analyze through IBM SPSS 22.0 Results: There was insignificant dissimilarity between the pre-operative outcomes between groups. The Post-operative outcomes were almost same in both groups except hand numbness (P-value<0.005). The comparison of intraoperative outcomes like harvest time between both groups indicate that the mean harvest time in group A was shorter than group B (39.20 + 3.73 Vs 51.90 + 2.09, P-value=0.000). The operative time in group A was higher than the group B (306.0 + 11.6 Vs 278 + 4.25 p-value=0.00). The hospital stays in both groups were insignificantly different (p = 0.09) Conclusions: Endoscopic radial artery harvest is best suited technique for CABG surgery as it significantly decreases the harvest time as well as hospital stay. It is also proven that it is safer, less painful and better wound appearance technique with exceptional outcomes based on positive surgical experience.

Engineering of Microbial Fungal Glucoamylases by Chemical Modification Techniques for Industrial Application

Glucoamylase (exo-1,4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase: EC 3.2.1.3) yields ß-D- glucose from the non-reducing chain ends of a wide range of polysaccharide substrates and play a tremendous role in the improvement of starch based food products. Non-traditional use of glucoamylases in detergent industry has a great scope of expansion the world over in the coming days. Industrial employment of glucoamylase demands its hardiness to harsh operational environment. Thermo-stable enzymes can withstand extreme environmental conditions and can resist against detergents, organic solvents, temperature & pH. The operational stability of enzymes is of paramount importance for any bioprocess, which can be improved through various protein engineering techniques. With the development of novel procedures that exploit selective and efficient protein chemistry, chemical modification, either alone or combination with other mutagenesis techniques, could make a significant contribution to the development of enzymes that cope with the industrial demands. Various fungal strains (A. niger, A. oryzae, A. tamarii, A. fumigatus, A. flavus and Humicola sp) were grown in submerged cultivation at different temperatures, pH and substrate concentrations in order to optimize GA production. A. niger and Humicola sp were selected for their higher GA production ability as compared to other fungi. The apparent molecular mass of Humicola sp and A. niger GAs determined through SDS-PAGE were 72.8 and 93 kDa. A. niger GA was proved to be much better as compared to Humicola sp GA on the basis of, wider pH range, higher optimum temperature, more turn over (kcat) and higher specificity constant. It also showed 10 fold higher resistance against thermal unfolding and an activation trend against α- chymotrypsin A. niger was decided to be improved through γ-rays treatment with the main objective to enhance the production, stability and function of the enzyme. The 1 kGy γ-rays exposed mutant (M-7) of A. niger was selected on the basis of deoxy-D- glucose resistance. The mutant M-7 was about two fold efficient for extracellular GA production in submerged cultivation on Vogel’s medium containing 4% (w/v) wheat bran, pH 5.0 at 30 oC. The mutant GA had same molecular mass on SDS-PAGE, however on MALDI-TOF a difference of about 814 Da was observed. The mutant GA proved to